Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 34.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The experiment that ruled out the role of pressure in the upward movement of water through the xylem.
Introduction:
Plants have specialized transport tissue for the absorption of water, minerals, and ions from the soil. These are called the xylem that functions to conduct water and minerals from roots to the shoots and leaves. Xylem consists of tracheid and vessels, which are arranged one on the other to form long tubes.
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Both cohesion-tension and root pressure are mechanisms for moving water in the xylem. What does it mean when it says that cohesion-tension pulls water, but root pressure pushes water?
Consider the pressure flow model of phloem transport. How do sugars and water enter the phloem from the source? How do sugars and water move from one phloem cell to another?
Discuss which pathway permits the passage of most solutes and water inside the roots? Which pathway allows the entry of most of the water and some of the solutes inside the root tissue? Explain how the Casparian strip creates a barrier for substance moving through this pathway and how it is circumvented.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Given that (a) xylem is located toward the upper epidermis in leaf veins and phloem is located toward the lower epidermis and (b) the vascular tissue of a leaf is continuous with that of the stem, suggest one possible arrangement of vascular tissues in the stem that might account for the arrangement of vascular tissue in the leaf.arrow_forwardTo transport water from the root into the shoot does the water potential in the xylem need to become more positive or negative? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a mechanism of water movement in xylem that combines the evaporative pull of transpiration with the cohesive and adhesive properties of water? (a) pressure– flow (b) tension–cohesion (c) root pressure (d) active transport of potassium ions into guard cells (e) guttationarrow_forward
- why is pressure higher in parts of the phloem Where sugar is being loaded than in parts were sugars been removed?arrow_forwardHow is the movement of water through the xylem different from the movement of food through the phloem in the stem? What is the significance of transpiration in plants? Why do plants transpire?arrow_forwardName the pressure that helps in the movement of water up the xylem of the root.arrow_forward
- Many different treatments were possible in the phototropism experiment. Based on your understanding of phototropism, provide predictions about the direction of plant growth for the following two scenarios, and explain your reasoning. 1. The tip of the coleoptile is removed and lanolin with auxin is applied to the dark side of the stem. 2. The tip of the coleoptile is removed and lanolin with auxin is applied to the light side of the stem.arrow_forwardIf the tension in the xylem vessel becomes too great, gas bubbles will form. Explain this phenomenon countermeasures by plant to address this issue.arrow_forwardCan you answer this question with both parts a. How does plant growth respond to gravity in stems vs. roots? b. How is gravitropism controlled during root growth?arrow_forward
- What are some of the environmental factors which influence the rate of transpiration? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the transpiration process in plants? What strategies have evolved by which plants are able to reduce their transpiration rates and thus conserve water? What tissue/s did you find the dye along the stem?arrow_forwardDescribe the cohesion-tension model of water movement through xylem. Would the weight of water be more of a problem in an upright tree or in a stolon? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a mechanism of water movement in xylem that is responsible for guttation? (a) pressure–flow (b) tension–cohesion (c) root pressure (d) active transport of potassium ions into guard cells (e) transpirationarrow_forward
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