Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 3.4, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The formation of a structure similar to the lipid bilayer of biological membrane after placing the phospholipids in a nonpolar solvent with a diagram.
Introduction:
Every biological membrane consists of a lipid bilayer. A lipid bilayer is amphipathic in nature, which means that it consists of both the hydrophilic end and the hydrophobic end. The globular head structure is hydrophilic in nature, whereas the hydrocarbon chain is hydrophilic in nature.
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When viewed by electron microscopy, the lipid bilayer is often described as looking like a railroad track. Explain how the structure of the bilayer creates this image.
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- How many phospholipid molecules are there in a 1-μm region of a phospholipid bilayer membrane? Assume that a phospholipid molecule occupies 70 Å of the surface area.arrow_forwardWhat is an example of a phospholipid bilayer?arrow_forwardDraw the basic structure of a lipid bilayer and label thehydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Why is the cytoplasmicmembrane a good permeability barrier?arrow_forward
- Explain why phospholipids have a natural tendency to self-assemble into a bilayer. Why is this biologically important?arrow_forwardWhat are the properties of lipids responsible for the property of bilayers? Explain. What are the consequences of this property for the structure of the biological membranes?arrow_forwardWhich portion of the phosphatidylinositol molecule contributes to (a) fluidity of the bilayer and (b) the surface polarity of the bilayer?arrow_forward
- Why would a bilayer containing only gangliosides be unstable?arrow_forwardSome structures are held together by hydrophobic interactions. If those interactions were to break down, say for example the pressure exceeded the upper limit for the hydrophobic interactions that held the phospholipid bilayer together, would the structure be able to regain it's shape and functionality if the pressure decreased?arrow_forwardSeveral students in our class always sit together in the front row. Suppose this could be because (i) they really like each other or (ii) nobody else in our class wants to sit next to them. a) Which explanation holds for the assembly of a lipid bilayer? Explain your answer. b) If the lipid bilayer assembled for the opposite reason, how would its properties differ?arrow_forward
- Why do lipids form bilayer membranes rather than dissolve? Consider Thermodynamics and structural effectsarrow_forwardThe following figure shows a typical phospholipid. Suppose this molecule was incorporated into a cell membrane. Which letter indicates the portion of the molecule that would be exposed to the aqueous environment? CH₂ I H₂C-N¹-CH₂ CH₂ A H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ CH₂O HO CH ₂ H₂C H₂C CH₂ OH HO O–CH, H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ HC CH₂ CH₂ CH-O CH-OH H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ H₂C/ H₂C H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ H₂C/arrow_forwardAlthough both faces of a biomembrane are composed of the same general types of macromolecules, principally lipids and proteins, the two faces of the bilayer are not identical. What accounts for the asymmetry between the two faces?arrow_forward
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