Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 3CQ
To determine
To explain why a laser beam passing through a non-homogeneous sugar follows a curved path.
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Advanced physics
Refractive index of air, n0 = 1.0
Electronic charge, q= 1.6 × 10−19 C
Boltzmann's constant, kB= 1.38 × 10−23 J/K
Planch's constant, h = 6.62 × 10−34 J.s
Speed of light in air, c= 3.0 × 10−8 m/s
1. Two layers of glass are placed on top of each other. The light is travelling from the layer with refractive index n1 = 1.45 to that with refractive index n2 = 1.40 . If these layers are to be molded into an optical fiber with a core radius of 8 μm, Find (i) the critical angle (ii) the numerical aperture and the acceptance angle (iii) Find the cut-off wavelength and the number of modes if the V-number is 2.04
Two flat mirrors are connected to each other such that they make an angle of ψ. A laser enters the system and first reflects off the bottom mirror, then the top mirror. When the beam exits it makes an angle of θ = 106 degrees with respect to the initial beam (see figure).
Write an expression for the angle, ψ, between the mirrors.
An ideal gas is initially at a temperature of 300 K. Its volume triples while its pressure decreases by a factor of two. What is its final
temperature?
Select one:
O a. 200 K
O b. 1200 K
O c. 50.0 K
O d. 1800 K
O e. 450 K
Chapter 25 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 25.1QQCh. 25.4 - If beam is the incoming beam in Active Figure...Ch. 25.4 - Light passes from a material with index of...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25.4QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 25.5QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 25.6QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 25.7QQCh. 25 - Prob. 1OQCh. 25 - Prob. 2OQCh. 25 - What happens to a light wave when it travels from...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 4OQCh. 25 - The index of refraction for water is about 43....Ch. 25 - Prob. 6OQCh. 25 - Light traveling in a medium of index of refraction...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8OQCh. 25 - The core of an optical fiber transmits light with...Ch. 25 - Prob. 10OQCh. 25 - A light ray travels from vacuum into a slab of...Ch. 25 - Prob. 12OQCh. 25 - Prob. 13OQCh. 25 - Prob. 14OQCh. 25 - Prob. 1CQCh. 25 - Prob. 2CQCh. 25 - Prob. 3CQCh. 25 - Prob. 4CQCh. 25 - Prob. 5CQCh. 25 - Prob. 6CQCh. 25 - Prob. 7CQCh. 25 - Prob. 8CQCh. 25 - Prob. 9CQCh. 25 - Prob. 10CQCh. 25 - Prob. 11CQCh. 25 - Prob. 12CQCh. 25 - Prob. 1PCh. 25 - Prob. 2PCh. 25 - Prob. 3PCh. 25 - Prob. 4PCh. 25 - Prob. 5PCh. 25 - Prob. 6PCh. 25 - Prob. 7PCh. 25 - An underwater scuba diver sees the Sun at an...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9PCh. 25 - Prob. 10PCh. 25 - A ray of light is incident on a flat surface of a...Ch. 25 - A laser beam is incident at an angle of 30.0 from...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13PCh. 25 - A light ray initially in water enters a...Ch. 25 - Find the speed of light in (a) flint glass, (b)...Ch. 25 - Prob. 16PCh. 25 - Prob. 17PCh. 25 - Prob. 18PCh. 25 - Unpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 20PCh. 25 - Prob. 21PCh. 25 - Prob. 22PCh. 25 - Prob. 23PCh. 25 - Prob. 24PCh. 25 - 14. A ray of light strikes the midpoint of one...Ch. 25 - Prob. 26PCh. 25 - Prob. 27PCh. 25 - Prob. 28PCh. 25 - Prob. 29PCh. 25 - Prob. 30PCh. 25 - Prob. 31PCh. 25 - Around 1965, engineers at the Toro Company...Ch. 25 - Prob. 33PCh. 25 - Prob. 34PCh. 25 - Prob. 35PCh. 25 - Prob. 36PCh. 25 - Prob. 37PCh. 25 - Prob. 38PCh. 25 - Prob. 39PCh. 25 - Prob. 40PCh. 25 - Prob. 41PCh. 25 - Prob. 42PCh. 25 - A 4.00-m-long pole stands vertically in a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 44PCh. 25 - Prob. 45PCh. 25 - Prob. 46PCh. 25 - Prob. 47PCh. 25 - Prob. 48PCh. 25 - When light is incident normally on the interface...Ch. 25 - Prob. 50PCh. 25 - Prob. 51PCh. 25 - Prob. 52PCh. 25 - The light beam in Figure P25.53 strikes surface 2...Ch. 25 - Prob. 54PCh. 25 - Prob. 55PCh. 25 - Prob. 56PCh. 25 - Prob. 57PCh. 25 - Prob. 58PCh. 25 - Prob. 59PCh. 25 - Prob. 60PCh. 25 - Prob. 61PCh. 25 - Prob. 62P
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- A laser beam passing through a non homogeneous sugar solution follows a curved path. Explain.arrow_forwardThe index of refraction for water is about 43. What happens as a beam of light travels from air into water? (a) Its speed increases to 43c, and its frequency decreases. (b) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength decreases by a factor of 34. (c) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength increases by a factor of 43. (d) Its speed and frequency remain the same. (e) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its frequency increases.arrow_forwardA submarine is 300 m horizontally from the shore of a fresh water lake and 100 m beneath the surface of the water. A laser beam is sent from the submarine so that the beam strikes the surface of the water 210 m from the shore. A building stands on the shore, and the laser beam hits a target at the top of the building. The goal is to find the height of the target above sea level. (a) Draw a diagram of the situation, identifying the two triangles that are important in finding the solution. (b) Find the angle of incidence of the beam striking the waterair interface. (c) Find the angle of refraction. (d) What angle docs the refracted beam make with the horizontal? (e) Find the height of the target above sea level.arrow_forward
- A Fill in the missing entries in Table P38.70. Table P38.70arrow_forwardAround 1965, engineers at the Toro Company invented a gasoline gauge for small engines diagrammed in Figure P25.32. The gauge has no moving parts. It consists of a flat slab of transparent plastic fitting vertically into a slot in the cap on the gas tank. None of the plastic has a reflective coating. The plastic projects from the horizontal top down nearly to the bottom of the opaque tank. Its lower edge is cut with facets making angles of 458 with the horizontal. A lawn mower operator looks down from above and sees a boundary between bright and dark on the gauge. The location of the boundary, across the width of the plastic, indicates the quantity of gasoline in the tank. (a) Explain how the gauge works. (b) Explain the design requirements, if any, for the index of refraction of the plastic. Figure P25.32arrow_forwardWhat is the critical angle for the interface between material 1 (n=1.58) and material 2 (n=1.30)?arrow_forward
- Object Height, h p(cm) 100 75 50 40 35 30 25 20 17.5 15 13 Average f 4.2cm q(cm) 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.5 f q. P q + p 4.67 4.68 4.79 4.84 4.75 4.72 4.84 4.73 4.74 4.72 4.75 4.75 Mirror Focus Length 5cm h'(cm) M = h'/h -0.380 -0.430 -0.580 -0.710 -0.835 -0.980 -1.210 -1.475 -1.670 -1.920 -2.400 -0.090 -0.102 -0.138 -0.169 -0.199 -0.233 -0.288 -0.351 -0.398 -0.457 -0.571 M = -q/p -0.050 -0.070 -0.106 -0.138 -0.157 -0.187 -0.240 -0.310 -0.371 -0.460 -0.577arrow_forwardA ray of light travels from one medium to another medium. The total internal reflection of the light ray occurs when the light ray is bent toward the normal. the light ray is passes through the normal. the light ray passes from a rare medium to a denser medium. None of the options available the light ray is bent away from the normal.arrow_forwardwrite the following y= Ss+9 ar a polar equation.arrow_forward
- Chapter 34, Problem 004 The figure shows an overhead view of a corridor with a plane mirror M mounted at one end. A burglar B sneaks along the corridor directly toward the center of the mirror. If d = 3.9 m, how far from the mirror will she be when the security guard S can first see her in the mirror? em Number Units the tolerance is +/-5% lemarrow_forwardIff is the frequency and c is the velocity of light in vacuum, v is the velocity of light in a medium, then the formula for refractive index of the medium 9 is: O a. v/f O b. v/c O c. f/v O d. c/varrow_forwardDetermine the polar radius of gyration about point C (Ke) of the shaded area shown Given: R-198: h = 99; b = 99. All dimensions are in cm. Select one: OA 6999 0B 145 45 OC 49.50 OD I58.40 OE 123 75arrow_forward
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