Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 18.2CYU
To determine
The reason why Europa and Enceladus contain liquid water.
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Which of these is an example of an energy source that could exist on Europa (or beneath its surface) and help enable life in a Europan ocean?
a Volcanoes and/or hydrothermal vents on the seafloor
b Solar flares from the Sun that penetrate Europa's ice and send radiation into the liquid-water ocean
c Europa's rapid motion as it orbits Jupiter
d The combustion of fossils fuels beneath the surface, similar to burning coal in the Earth's crust
We think the terrestrial planets formed around solid “seeds” that later grew over time through the accretion of rocks and metals.
a) Suppose the Earth grew to its present size in 1 million years through the accretion of particles averaging 100 grams each. On average, how many particles did the Earth capture per second, given that the mass of the Earth is = 5.972 × 10 ^24 kg ?
b) If you stood on Earth during its formation and watched a region covering 100 m^2, how many impacts would you expect to see in one hour. Use the impact rate you calculated in part a. You’ll need the following as well: the radius of the Earth is = 6.371 × 10 ^6 m and the surface area of the Earth is 4??^2Earth
NASA Scientists want to measure the current distance between two of
Jupiter's Moons, Ganymede and Europa. They set up a laser on the surface of
Ganymede, shine it at a mirror on the surface of Europa and measure how
long it takes for the laser light to return to a detector on the surface of
Ganymede. They calculated the current distance between the two moons to
be 787 million meters. How long did it take the light to make it to Europa and
back?
*Give answers to at least three significant figures. DO NOT submit answers
in scientific notation. Use symbols for units (i.e. m, s, kg, N)*
Chapter 18 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1CYUCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2CYUCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3CYUCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4CYUCh. 18 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 6QAP
Ch. 18 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 18 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Surprisingly, the New Horizons probe took pictures of Pluto and found a. ongoing volcanic eruptions b. mountain ranges c. lakes of methane d. a lot of impact craters Pluto and other "dwarf planets" are not considered proper planets because a. they don't have any moons b. they are members of belts like the asteroid and Kuiper belts c. they don't have atmospheres d. their orbital inclinations are too high e. their orbits are too eccentric Which of these planets has never had an artificial satellite? a. Neptune b. Saturn c. Mars d. Jupiter e. Venusarrow_forwardFill out this data table with information you have collected about the solar system planets. Characteristics Unit Mercury Venus Earth 330 10 g 4,870 5,970 Mass 61 928 1,083 Volume 1024 cm 5.4 5.4 50 Density g/cm Distance from Sun 58 10° km 100 100 Radius km Crust Thickness km Atmosphere Height km Axial Tilt degrees Force of Gravity on a1 kg test mass N Length of Day 4223 4,223 88 hours 225 365 Length of Orbit Earth days 88 167 464 15 Mean Temperature ° C ТЕВОС Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 102,000 642 | 1,898,000 568.000 86,800arrow_forwardWhat is the range of density for the outer planets (in g/cm3)? 1.2 to 5.5 2.2 to 5.5 2.2 to 6.5 3.3 to 7.2 none of thesearrow_forward
- Miller’s Planet part I: This planet is described as having 130% Earth gravity What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this planet? 7 m/s2 130 m/s2 13 m/s2 Miller’s Planet part II: What is the source of the waves on this planet? Wind Tidal stress due to proximity of Gargantua Plate tectonic driven Miller-quakes Miller’s Planet Part III: Why would it be unlikely that this planet could sustain an atmosphere let alone liquid water on its surface. Gargantua’s accretion disk likely emits X-rays, UV rays and possibly gamma radiation Miller’s planet’s surface gravity is too small Miller’s planet has no magnetic fieldarrow_forwardThe table to the right gives size and distance data for the planets at a certain point in time. Calculate the scaled size and distance for each planet using a 1 to 10 billion scale model solar system. Planet Diameter Distance from Sun Mercury 4880 km 65.1 million km Venus 12,100 km 108.8 million km Earth 12,760 km 147.5 million km Mars 6790 km 244.6 million km Jupiter 143,000 km 807.2 million km Saturn 120,000 km 1406 million km Uranus 52,000 km 2938 million km Neptune 48,400 km 4508 million kmarrow_forwardExplain how the terrestrial planets and the Jovian planets ended up so different.arrow_forward
- There is strong evidence that Europa, a satellite of Jupiter, has a liquid ocean beneath its icy surface. Many scientists think we should land a vehicle there to search for life. Before launching it, we would want to test such a lander under the gravity conditions at the surface of Europa. One way to do this is to put the lander at the end of a rotating arm in an orbiting earth satellite.arrow_forward100% Normal text Arlal 12.5 | I1 1 | 2 | 3 3. Fill out this data table with information you have collected about the solar system planets. Characteristics Unit Mercury Venus Earth 330 4,870 5,970 Mass 1024 g 61 928 1,083 Volume 1024 cm3 5.4 5.4 50 Density g/cm3 58 106 km 100 100 Distance from Sun Radius km Crust Thickness km Atmosphere Height kmarrow_forward4000 km O Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Europa Ganymede Jupiter Callisto Titan Saturn Triton Neptune Suppose the moon of a planet has a mass of 1/93th the mass of the planet it is orbiting (note: the moons shown above actually are even a smaller fraction than that!). What is the ratio of the force the moon applies to the planet compared to the force the planet applies to the moon? (Express your answer as a number--don't enter anything like A:B or A/B, just the single number you get by dividing A by B.)arrow_forward
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