Modern Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781111794378
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 7P
(a)
To determine
The speed of recession.
(b)
To determine
The distance between the earht and quasar.
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Students have asked these similar questions
If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000 km/s and emits 656 nm light characteristic of hydrogen (the most common element in the universe). Why is the speed of the Earth in its orbit negligible here?
The bright radio galaxy, 3c84, is observed to be moving away from the Earth at such high speed that the emitted blue 434-nm Hγ line of hydrogen is Doppler-shifted to 442 nm.
Edwin Hubble discovered that all objects outside the local group of galaxies are moving away from us, with speeds v proportional to their distances R. Hubble's law is expressed as v = HR, where the Hubble constant has the approximate value
H ≈ 22 ✕ 10−3 m/(s · ly).
Determine the distance from the Earth to this galaxy. _________ ly
The most distant quasar is "J0313-1806". Its
redshift is z = 7.64.
[ z = (femitted - fobserved)/ fobserved]
Assume that the redshift is due to relative
motion. Then how fast is the quasar moving
away from Earth?
(speed as the fraction of c = )
| .704
According to Hubble's Law, the distance (r)
depends on the speed of recession (v)
according to v = Hor where Ho~
20km/s
Mly
How many years are required for light to
travel from the quasar to Earth?
(years = )
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- Figure P38.21 shows a jet of material (at the upper right) being ejected by galaxy M87 (at the lower left). Such jets are believed to be evidence of supermassive black holes at the center of a galaxy. Suppose two jets of material from the center of a galaxy are ejected in opposite directions. Both jets move at 0.750c relative to the galaxy center. Determine the speed of one jet relative to the other. Figure P 38.21arrow_forwardThe distance of a galaxy from our solar system is 10 Mpc. (a) What is the recessional velocity of the galaxy? (b) By what fraction is the starlight from this galaxy red shifted (that is, what is its z value)?arrow_forward(a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an approximate age of the universe of 1010 y? To get an approximate value, assume the expansion rate is constant and calculate the speed at which two galaxies must move apart to be separated by 1 Mly (present average galactic separation) in a time of 1010 y. (b) Similarly, what Hubble constant corresponds to a universe approximately 21010years old?arrow_forward
- In December 2012, researchers announced the discovery of ultramassive black holes, with masses up to 40 billion times themass of the Sun (seen as the bright spot at the center of the galaxy near the center of Fig. P39.78). a. What is the Schwarz-schild radius of a black hole that has a mass 40 billion times that of the Sun? b. Suppose this black hole is 1.3 billion ly from theEarth. What is the angular radius of a galaxy that is 1.7 billion lybehind it, as viewed from the Earth? FIGURE P39.78arrow_forwardThe classical Doppler shift for light. A light source recedes from an observer with a speed v that is small compared with c. (a) Show that in this case, Equation 1.15 reduces to ffvc (b) Also show that in this case vc (Hint: Differentiate f = c to show that / = f/f) (c) Spectroscopic measurements of an absorption line normally found at = 397 nm reveal a redshift of 20 nm for light coming from a galaxy in Ursa Major. What is the recessional speed of this galaxy?arrow_forwardFigure P9.21 shows a jet of material (at the upper right) being ejected by galaxy M87 (at the lower left). Such jets are believed to be evidence of supermassive black holes at the center of a galaxy. Suppose two jets of material from the center of a galaxy are ejected in opposite directions. Both jets move at 0.750c relative to the galaxy center. Determine the speed of one jet relative to the other. Figure P9.21arrow_forward
- The rest-frame (natural) Wavelength of the H-a line of hydrogen is 656.3 nm. In the spectrum of light from a galaxy we observe, it is shifted to 763.8 nm. Calculate the reccession speed of the galaxy in m/s.arrow_forwardIn the laboratory, one of the lines of sodium is emitted at a wavelength of 590.0 nm. In the light from a particular galaxy, however, this line is seen at a wavelength of 602.0 nm. Calculate the distance to the galaxy, assuming that Hubble’s law holds and that the Doppler shift of Eq. 37-36 applies.arrow_forwardOne of the strongest emission lines observed from distant galaxies comes from hydrogen and has a wavelength of 122 nm (in the ultraviolet region). How fast must a galaxy be moving away from us in order for that line to be observed in the visible region at 366 nm?arrow_forward
- A galaxy is oberverd to have emission lines of blue hydrogen lines of 434 nm. What will be the observed wavelength if the galaxy is moving away at a velocity of 0.56c.arrow_forwardWhat speed should a galaxy move with respect to us so that the sodium line at 589.0 nm is observed at 589.6 nm?arrow_forwardIn vacuum, the H-alpha line has a rest-frame wavelength of 656.461 nm. You took a spectrum of the center of a galaxy at an observatory on the ground and measured a wavelength of 656.65 nm for the H-alpha line. What is the radial velocity of the galaxy relative to the observer [km/s]? Note that the index of refraction of air is 1.0003 at that wavelength. As a result, the rest-frame wavelength of the H-alpha line in air differs from the rest-frame wavelength in vacuum.arrow_forward
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