General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 65P

Write a balanced equation for the combustion of each alkane
(a) CH 3 CH 3 ;   ( b )   ( CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 .

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balance equation for the combustion of CH3CH3 should be written.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

Saturated hydrocarbon is known as alkane having general molecular formula CnH2n+2.

The chemical reaction which involves the reaction of alkane and oxygen, results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor is known as combustion reaction. The combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction.

The general reaction of combustion of alkane is:

  CnH2n+2+[n+(n+1)2]O2(g)nCO2(g)+(n+1)H2O(g)

A reaction is said to be balanced, if the number of atoms of each element on the product side and one the reactant side of a chemical reaction are equal.

Answer to Problem 65P

  2CH3CH3(g)+7O2(g)4CO2(g)+6H2O(g)

Explanation of Solution

Saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon-carbon single bond is present is known as alkane.

The general molecular formula of alkane is CnH2n+2 where n represents the number of carbon atoms.

The given alkane is CH3CH3 (ethane).

Ethane reacts with oxygen and results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor.

The combustion reaction of ethane is written as:

  CH3CH3(g)+O2(g)CO2(g)+H2O(g)

Reactant side Product side

Number of C atoms = 2 Number of C atoms = 1

Number of H atoms = 6 Number of H atoms = 2

Number of O atoms = 2 Number of O atoms = 3

Thus, the above reaction is not balanced. To balance the reaction, multiply 2 with ethane, 7 with oxygen gas, 4 with carbon dioxide gas and 6 with water vapor.

Therefore, the balanced combustion reaction of ethane is written as:

  2CH3CH3(g)+7O2(g)4CO2(g)+6H2O(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balance equation for the combustion of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 should be written.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen is known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon single bond is present as carbon is linked with four atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present that is double and triple bond.

Saturated hydrocarbon is known as alkane having general molecular formula CnH2n+2.

The chemical reaction which involves the reaction of alkane and oxygen, results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor is known as combustion reaction. The combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction.

The general reaction of combustion of alkane is:

  CnH2n+2+[n+(n+1)2]O2(g)nCO2(g)+(n+1)H2O(g)

A reaction is said to be balanced, if the number of atoms of each element on the product side and one the reactant side of a chemical reaction are equal.

Answer to Problem 65P

  (CH3)2CHCH2CH3(l)+8O2(g)5CO2(g)+6H2O(g)

Explanation of Solution

Saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon-carbon single bond is present is known as alkane.

The general molecular formula of alkane is CnH2n+2 where n represents the number of carbon atoms.

The given alkane is (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (2-methylbutane).

2-methylbutane reacts with oxygen and results in the formation of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor.

The combustion reaction of 2-methylbutane is written as:

  (CH3)2CHCH2CH3(l)+O2(g)CO2(g)+H2O(g)

Reactant side Product side

Number of C atoms = 5 Number of C atoms = 1

Number of H atoms = 12 Number of H atoms = 2

Number of O atoms = 2 Number of O atoms = 3

Thus, the above reaction is not balanced. To balance the reaction, multiply 8 with oxygen gas, 5 with carbon dioxide gas and 6 with water vapor.

Therefore, the balanced combustion reaction of2-methylbutaneis written as:

  (CH3)2CHCH2CH3(l)+8O2(g)5CO2(g)+6H2O(g)

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Chapter 12 Solutions

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition

Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.8PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.9PCh. 12.4 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.10PCh. 12.4 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound....Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.5PPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.6PPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.12PCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.13PCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.14PCh. 12.5 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.15PCh. 12.7 - Answer the following questions about pentane...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 12.17PCh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.18PCh. 12.8 - Prob. 12.19PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 12.20PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 12.21PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 12.22PCh. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - Prob. 24PCh. 12 - The waxy coating on the surface of apple skins...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26PCh. 12 - Classify each carbon as 1°, 2°, 3°, or 4°. a....Ch. 12 - Give the structure of an alkane that fits each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29PCh. 12 - Label each pair of compounds as constitutional...Ch. 12 - Consider compounds A, B, and C. Label each pair of...Ch. 12 - Consider compounds D,E, and F. Label each pair of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33PCh. 12 - Consider compounds A-E and label each pair of...Ch. 12 - Draw structures that fit the following...Ch. 12 - Draw the five constitutional isomers having...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37PCh. 12 - Prob. 38PCh. 12 - Draw the five constitutional isomers that have...Ch. 12 - Pristane is a high molecular weight alkane found...Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the five...Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each of the five cyclic...Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each compoundCh. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound. c....Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each cycloalkane.Ch. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each ccycloalkane.Ch. 12 - Prob. 49PCh. 12 - Give the structure corresponding to each IUPAC...Ch. 12 - Each of the following IUPAC names is incorrect....Ch. 12 - Each of the following IUPAC names is incorrect....Ch. 12 - Draw three constitutional isomers having molecular...Ch. 12 - Draw four constitutional isomers having molecular...Ch. 12 - Draw a skeletal structure for each compound octane...Ch. 12 - Convert each compound to a skeletal structure CH3(...Ch. 12 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 12 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each pair has the higher melting...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12 - Branching in an alkane chain decreases surface...Ch. 12 - Explain why the boiling points of heptane [CH3( CH...Ch. 12 - Explain why hexane is more soluble in...Ch. 12 - Mineral oil and Vaseline are both mixtures of...Ch. 12 - Write a balanced equation for the combustion of...Ch. 12 - Write a balanced equation for the combustion of...Ch. 12 - Write a balanced equation for the incomplete...Ch. 12 - Prob. 68PCh. 12 - Prob. 69PCh. 12 - Prob. 70PCh. 12 - Prob. 71PCh. 12 - Prob. 72PCh. 12 - Prob. 73PCh. 12 - Prob. 74PCh. 12 - Prob. 75PCh. 12 - Prob. 76PCh. 12 - Prob. 77PCh. 12 - Prob. 78PCh. 12 - Prob. 79PCh. 12 - A major component of animal fat is tristearin, (a)...Ch. 12 - Answer the following questions about the alkane...Ch. 12 - Prob. 82PCh. 12 - Answer the questions in Problem 12.81 for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 84PCh. 12 - Prob. 85CPCh. 12 - Draw the structure of the 12 constitutional...Ch. 12 - Cyclopentane has a higher boiling point than...Ch. 12 - Prob. 88CP
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