Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 8ALQ
One of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further experimentation than it originally answered. Does this apply to Dalton’s atomic theory? Give examples.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Ch. 1 - Define and e xplain the differences between the...Ch. 1 - Is the scientific method suitable for solving...Ch. 1 - Use Daltons atomic theory to account for each of...Ch. 1 - What evidence led to the conclusion that cathode...Ch. 1 - What discoveries were made by J. J. Thomson, Henri...Ch. 1 - Consider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment...Ch. 1 - Do the proton and the neutron have exactly the...Ch. 1 - What is the distinction between atomic number and...Ch. 1 - Paracelsus, a sixteenth-century alchemist and...Ch. 1 - What is wrong with the following statement? The...
Ch. 1 - Which of the following is true about an individual...Ch. 1 - These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson....Ch. 1 - Which of the following explain how an ion is...Ch. 1 - You have a chemical in a sealed glass container...Ch. 1 - You may have noticed that when water boils, you...Ch. 1 - One of the best indications of a useful theory is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9ALQCh. 1 - Which (if any) of the following can be determined...Ch. 1 - The difference between a law and a theory is the...Ch. 1 - As part of a science project, you study traffic...Ch. 1 - Explain the fundamental steps of the scientific...Ch. 1 - When hydrogen is burned in oxygen to form water,...Ch. 1 - Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law...Ch. 1 - Chlorine has two natural isotopes: C1737I and...Ch. 1 - The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid, C6H5NO2) can...Ch. 1 - Section 1-5 describes the postulates of Daltons...Ch. 1 - The contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest...Ch. 1 - What is the modern view of the structure of the...Ch. 1 - The number of protons in an atom determines the...Ch. 1 - If the volume of a proton is similar to the volume...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23QCh. 1 - What refinements had to be made in Daltons atomic...Ch. 1 - When mixtures of gaseous H2 and gaseous Cl2 react,...Ch. 1 - Observations of the reaction between nitrogen gas...Ch. 1 - A sample of chloroform is found to contain 12.0 g...Ch. 1 - A sample of H2SO4 contains 2.02 g of hydrogen,...Ch. 1 - Hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrogen azide al1 contain...Ch. 1 - Consider 100.0-g samples of two different...Ch. 1 - The three most stable oxides of carbon are carbon...Ch. 1 - Two elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary...Ch. 1 - Prob. 33ECh. 1 - In a combustion reaction, 46.0 g of ethanol reacts...Ch. 1 - Early tables of atomic weights (masses) were...Ch. 1 - Indium oxide contains 4.784 g of indium for every...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37ECh. 1 - If you wanted to make an accurate scale model of...Ch. 1 - In an experiment it was found that the total...Ch. 1 - A chemist in a galaxy far, far away performed the...Ch. 1 - Write the symbol of each atom using the ZAX...Ch. 1 - For carbon-14 and carbon-12, how many protons and...Ch. 1 - How many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus...Ch. 1 - What number of protons and neutrons is contained...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - Write the atomic symbol (ZAX) for each of the...Ch. 1 - For each of the following ions, indicate the...Ch. 1 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 49ECh. 1 - What is the symbol of an ion with 16 protons, 18...Ch. 1 - Complete the following table:Ch. 1 - Complete the following table:Ch. 1 - Four Fe2+ ions are key components of hemoglobin,...Ch. 1 - Which of the following statements is/are true? For...Ch. 1 - Identify each of the following elements. Give the...Ch. 1 - The isotope of an unknown element, X, has a mass...Ch. 1 - Prob. 57AECh. 1 - The early alchemists used to do an experiment in...Ch. 1 - In a reaction, 34.0 g of chromium(III) oxide...Ch. 1 - Prob. 60CWPCh. 1 - Complete the following table. Atmos Number of...Ch. 1 - Complete the following table.Ch. 1 - Which of the following is( are) correct? a. C40a2+...Ch. 1 - Prob. 64CPCh. 1 - Each of the following statements is true, but...Ch. 1 - Reaction of 2.0 L of hydrogen gas with 1.0 L of...Ch. 1 - A combustion reaction involves the reaction of a...Ch. 1 - A chemistry instructor makes the following claim:...Ch. 1 - You have two distinct gaseous compounds made from...Ch. 1 - Using the information in Table 1-1, answer the...Ch. 1 - A single molecule has a mass of 7.31 1023 g....Ch. 1 - You have gone back in time and are working with...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You perform a chemical reaction using the hypothetical elements A and B. These elements are represented by their molecular models shown below: The product of the reaction represented by molecular models is a Using the molecular models and the boxes, present a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of elements A and B. b Using the symbols A and B2 for the chemical reaction, write a balanced chemical equation. c What are some real-element possibilities for element B?arrow_forwardThe early alchemists used to do an experiment in which water was boiled for several days in a sealed glass container. Eventually. some solid residue would appear in die bottom of the flask, which was interpreted to mean that some of the water in the flask had been converted into earth. When Lavoisier repeated this experiment, he found that the water weighed the same before and after heating, and the mass of die flask plus the solid residue equaled the original mass of the flask. Were the alchemists correct? Explain what really happened. (This experiment is described in the article by A. F. Scott in Scientific American, January 1984.)arrow_forwardThe vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid,C6H5NO2 ) can he isolated from a variety of natural sources, such as liver, yeast, milk, and whole grain. It also can be synthesized from commercially available materials. Which Source of nicotinic acid, from a nutritional view, is best for use in a multivitamin tablet? Why?arrow_forward
- The photo here depicts what happens when a coil of magnesium ribbon and a few calcium chips are placed in water. (a) Based on these observations, what might you expect to see when barium, another Croup 2A element, is placed in water? (b) Give the period in which each element (Mg. Ca, and Ba) is found. What correlation do you think you might find between the reactivity of these elements and their positions in the periodic table?arrow_forwardConstant Composition of Compounds Two samples of sugar are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample of sugar produces 18.0 g carbon, 3.0 g hydrogen, and 24.0 g oxygen; the other sample produces 24.0 g carbon, 4.0 g hydrogen, and 32.0 g oxygen. Find the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen for each of the samples, and show they are consistent with the law of constant composition.arrow_forwardIn 1886 Eugene Goldstein observed positively charged particles moving in the opposite direction to electrons in a cathode ray tube (illustrated below). From their mass, he concluded that these particles were formed from residual gas in the tube. For example, if the cathode ray tube contained helium, the canal rays consisted of He+ ions. Describe a process that could lead to these ions. Canal rays. In 1886, Eugene Goldstein detected a stream of particles traveling in the direction opposite to that of the negatively charged cathode rays (electrons). He called this stream of positive particles "canal rays:"arrow_forward
- Each of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them with his atomic theory. Give explanations for the following statements. a. The space-filling models for ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are shown below. These two compounds have die same composition by mass (52% carbon, 13% hydrogen, and 35% oxygen), yet the two have different melting points, boiling points, and solubilities in water. b. Burning wood leaves an ash that is only a small fraction of the mass of the original wood. c. Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles. d. One sample of lithium hydride is 87.4% lithium by mass, while another sample of lithium hydride Ls 74.9% lithium by mass. However, the two samples have the same chemical properties.arrow_forwardExplain the fundamental steps of the scientific method. The scientific method is a dynamic process. What does this mean?arrow_forwardTwo elements, R and Q, combine to form two binary compounds. In the first compound, 14.0 g of R combines with 3.00 g of Q. In the second compound, 7.00 g of R combines with 4.50 g of Q. Show that these data are in accord with the law of multiple proportions. If the formula of the second compound is RQ, what is the formula of the first compound?arrow_forward
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