THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes

Volume XVII: American LATER NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART II

Edited by W. P. Trent, J. Erskine, S. P. Sherman & C. Van Doren

BOOK III: LATER NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART II (CONTINUED)
Chapter VIII.	Mark Twain
	By STUART P. SHERMAN, Ph.D., Professor of English in the University of Illinois Mark Twain’s Place in American Literature Youth Printer and Pilot The Far West Journalist and Lecturer The Quaker City Excursion Later Life Artistic Ideals Travel Books The Innocents Abroad Roughing It A Tramp Abroad Life on the Mississippi Following the Equator Fiction The Gilded Age The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court Pudd’nhead Wilson Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc Naturalistic Pessimism; What is Man? The Mysterious Stranger BIBLIOGRAPHY

IX.	Minor Humorists
	By GEORGE FRISBIE WHICHER, Ph.D., Associate Professor of English in Amherst College Humorous Paragraphs and Columns in Newspapers Comic Journalism; Puck, Judge, Life New Tendencies after the Civil War Charles Godfrey Leland George Ade Eugene Field Mr. Dooley O. Henry BIBLIOGRAPHY

X.	Later Poets
	By NORMAN FOERSTER, A.M., Professor of English in the University of North Carolina Poets of East and West New England; Emily Dickinson Thomas Bailey Aldrich Minor Figures The Middle States Bayard Taylor Richard Henry Stoddard Edmund Clarence Stedman Minor Figures Richard Watson Gilder Richard Hovey The West Joaquin Miller Edward Rowland Sill Minor Figures James Whitcomb Riley William Vaughn Moody Contemporary Poetry BIBLIOGRAPHY

XI.	The Later Novel: Howells
	By CARL VAN DOREN, Ph.D., Literary Editor of The Nation, Associate in English in Columbia University The Dime Novel John Esten Cooke Theodore Winthrop Domestic Sentimentalism Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin Dred Her Novels of New England Life E. P. Roe Lew Wallace Edward Eggleston William Dean Howells The Development of His Taste Experiments in Fiction A Chance Acquaintance A Modern Instance The Rise of Silas Lapham Turgenev and Tolstoy A Hazard of New Fortunes Altruria Travels and Memoirs Later Novels The Eighties Francis Marion Crawford Characteristics Ideals; Range Reactions from Official Realism; Rococo Romance S. Weir Mitchell Naturalism; E. W. Howe Stephen Crane Frank Norris Jack London Contemporaries BIBLIOGRAPHY

XII.	Henry James
	By JOSEPH WARREN BEACH, Ph.D., Associate Professor of English in the University of Minnesota The Question of James’s Americanism His Passion for “Europe” Americans in His Stories Transcendentalism Parentage and Education Newport, Boston, Cambridge Residence Abroad Miscellaneous Writings; Collected Stories Earlier Novels Short Stories Later Novels Peculiarity of the James Method James and Pater American Faith and European Culture BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIII.	Later Essayists
	By GEORGE S. HELLMAN, A.M. Types of American Essayists Donald Grant Mitchell Detachment from Public Affairs George William Curtis Prue and I Public Career Charles Eliot Norton His Great Influence Thomas Wentworth Higginson; Varied Interests Moncure D. Conway Edward Everett Hale; The Man Without a Country Julia Ward Howe Emma Lazarus Mrs. Stowe Charles Dudley Warner Hamilton Wright Mabie Edwin Percy Whipple Edmund Clarence Stedman William Winter Laurence Hutton Living Essayists BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIV.	Travellers and Explorers, 1846–1900
	By FREDERICK S. DELLENBAUGH Texas The Santa Fé Trail By the Missouri to Oregon Naval Expeditions Missionaries Routes from Santa Fé to Los Angeles The Oregon Trail California Frémont The Mormons The Gold-Seekers Indians A Pacific Railway Perry’s Visit to Japan Boundary Surveys Joaquin Miller Mark Twain Travellers to the Orient The South Seas The Colorado River Geological Surveys The Bureau of Ethnology War with the Sioux Cowboys The Isthmus of Panama Travels in the Older States Africa Egypt Italy Spain Russia Many Lands The Philippines Alaska Arctic Exploration Peary’s Discovery of the North Pole BIBLIOGRAPHY

XV.	Later Historians
	By JOHN SPENCER BASSETT, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of American History in Smith College Changes in Conceptions of History Underlying Movements The Growth of Historical Societies The American Historical Association; The American Historical Review The Collection of Historical Documents The Transformation of Historical Instruction in the Universities Herbert B. Adams Minor Historians of the Old School John William Draper Accounts of the Civil War John G. Nicolay and John Hay; Abraham Lincoln, a History Southern Histories “The Great Subject”—The Age of Discovery and Exploration Americana and Collectors Henry Harrisse Justin Winsor Edward Gaylord Bourne Four Literary Historians John Foster Kirk Francis Parkman France and England in North America Edward Eggleston “A History of Life in the United States” John Fiske Historians of the Latest Period Henry Charles Lea Hubert Howe Bancroft Alfred Thayer Mahan Charles Francis Adams Henry Adams Mont Saint Michel and Chartres; The Education of Henry Adams BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVI.	Later Theology
	By AMBROSE WHITE VERNON, A.M., D.D., Professor of Biography in Carleton College The Decline of Theology Charles Hodge Heresy Trials Charles Augustus Briggs Changing Conceptions of the Bible The Revised Version The Higher Criticism Evolution Foreign Missions The Study of Comparative Religions Walter Rauschenbusch Washington Gladden Phillips Brooks BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVII.	Later Philosophy
	By MORRIS R. COHEN, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy in the College of the City of New York American Life and American Philosophy The Traditions of American Philosophy; Large Indebtedness to Great Britain Other Influences Scotch Common-Sense Realism The Evolutionary Philosophy Its Influence on American Theology John Fiske His Substitution of the Evolutionary Myth for the Old Theology Scientific Thought in America Chauncey Wright His Conception of True Scientific Method William T. Harris His Attack on Agnosticism The Journal of Speculative Philosophy The Improvement of Philosophical Teaching The Philosophical Review Philosophical Professors Charles S. Peirce The Origins of Pragmatism Josiah Royce Metaphysical Idealism The World and the Individual William James His Vividness and Humanity Principles of Psychology; Radical Empiricism Pluralism John Dewey Naturalism Great Influence J. Mark Baldwin; Pancalism George Santayana; The Life of Reason Detachment The New Realism BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVIII.	The Drama, 1860–1918
	By MONTROSE J. MOSES The Civil War on the Stage Black and Red Americans Dion Boucicault; John Brougham General Unconcern with Native Drama; Edwin Forrest; Charlotte Cushman; Edwin Booth; Lawrence Barrett Lester Wallack W. E. Burton The Search for Foreign Plays Augustin Daly Critics; Laurence Hutton; Brander Matthews; William Winter Bronson Howard Local Color Steele MacKaye The Theatres of the Eighties in New York The Star System; Theatrical Trusts; Charles and Daniel Frohman David Belasco Augustus Thomas Clyde Fitch James A. Herne William Gillette Charles Klein Lurid Melodrama Successful Novels on the Stage The Publication of Plays George Ade George M. Cohan William Vaughn Moody Later Literary Drama The Broadway School Tricks and Farces Independent Theatres; The New Theatre Pageants Secessionist Groups BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIX.	Later Magazines
	By WILLIAM B. CAIRNS, Ph.D., Associate Professor of American Literature in the University of Wisconsin The Importance of the American Magazine Advertising Short Stories The North American Review Minor Reviews in New England and New York The South The Older Magazines Continued The Atlantic Monthly Harper’s Monthly Magazine Scribner’s Monthly; The Century Magazine Scribner’s Magazine Putnam’s Monthly Magazine and Its Successors The Galaxy The Overland Monthly The Ladies’ Home Journal Popular Magazines Muck-Raking; McClure’s Magazine Recent Developments BIBLIOGRAPHY

XX.	Newspapers Since 1860
	By FRANK W. SCOTT, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English in the University of Illinois The Newspapers of 1860 Progress During the Civil War Correspondents Censorship The Influence of the Great Editors Mechanical Improvements Reconstruction Charles A. Dana and the New York Sun Weekly Papers; The Independent Harper’s Weekly The Nation The Decline of Editorials The Growth of Advertising The Associated Press; Foreign News Service Sensationalism; Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World William Randolph Hearst The Sunday Supplement Recent Tendencies Economic Bias Among Newspapers The New Importance of the Weekly and Monthly Papers Collier’s Weekly; The New Republic; The Weekly Review; The Liberator; The Survey; Reedy’s Mirror; The Dial; The Bellman; Party Organs Public Activities of Newspapers The World War BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXI.	Political Writing Since 1850
	By WILLIAM KENNETH BOYD, Ph.D., Professor of History in Trinity College, Durham, North Carolina The Change of Temper after 1850 Pro-Slavery Arguments; Thomas R. Dew Attacks on Jefferson’s Ideas and on Modern Industrial Conditions States’ Rights and Secession Southern Writers Opposed to Secession; Francis Lieber Writers Opposed to Slavery Hinton Rowan Helper Northern Attitudes Toward Slavery The Fugitive Slave Law; Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Kansas-Nebraska Act; Charles Sumner The Dred Scott Decision National Theories During the War The Organic Theory; Sovereignty in the Nation Practical Problems of Nationality Opposition to the Administration Reconstruction Theories: Presidential, State Suicide, Conquered Province, Forfeited Rights Confederate Apologists Personal Memoirs, North and South Civil Service Reform Thomas A. Jenckes George William Curtis Tariff Reform David A. Wells William G. Sumner The Currency Agrarian Agitation Bimetallism The Knights of Labor The Trusts The Disfranchisement of the Negro New Doctrines Henry George; The Income Tax Edward Bellamy Criticism of Governmental Administration Imperialism and Expansion The Granger Movement; Populism Progressivism BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXII.	Lincoln
	By NATHANIEL WRIGHT STEPHENSON, Professor of History in the College of Charleston The Mystery of Lincoln’s Temperament His Lack of Precocity Juvenilia Religion Pioneer Loneliness Mystical Faith First Period of Maturity Comic Writings Spiritual Enthusiasm for the Law Literature Applied to Practical Tasks Second Period of Maturity The Great Speeches of 1858–1860 The Eclipse of the Winter of 1860–61 The First Inaugural; Lincoln’s Final Manner Possible Influence of Seward BIBLIOGRAPHY

XXIII.	Education
	By PAUL MONROE, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of the History of Education in Teachers College, Columbia University American Education Primarily Institutional The Colonies Virginia Pennsylvania New Netherland and New York New England; The Massachusetts Law of 1647 The Apprentice System Elementary Schools Latin Grammar Schools Ezekiel Cheever Christopher Dock The New England Primer Colonial Colleges Franklin on Education Samuel Johnson; William Smith The Revolution Early National Legislation The Positions of the Fathers Thomas Jefferson DeWitt Clinton The Lancastrian System Pestalozzian Influences Textbooks Noah Webster Lindley Murray Jedidiah Morse Nicholas Pike Law Schools Medical Schools Private Societies Educational Periodicals The American Journal of Education Labour and Education Practical and Physical Education Educational Reports Horace Mann Henry Barnard Technical Literature of Education Free Schools Education for Girls Emma Hart Willard Mary Lyon State Universities College Problems Great College Presidents Lyceums Ralph Waldo Emerson Imaginative Literature Dealing with Education Henry Wadsworth Longfellow; Oliver Wendell Holmes Locke Amsden The Hoosier Schoolmaster College Secret Societies; Phi Beta Kappa Memoirs by Educators Popular Problems of Education The Education of Henry Adams Books for and about Children The Literature of the Immigrant Important Writers on Educational Topics William James G. Stanley Hall Edward L. Thorndike William T. Harris John Dewey Foreign Observers General Conclusions BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes

Volume XVII: American LATER NATIONAL LITERATURE: PART II

Contents

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