THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes

Volume VI: English THE DRAMA TO 1642 Part Two

Edited by A. W. Ward & A. R. Waller

Chapter I.	Ben Jonson
	By ASHLEY H. THORNDIKE, M.A., Ph.D. (Harvard), Professor of English in Columbia University, New York Ben Jonson’s character and friendships Early life Production of Every Man in His Humour Maturity; Prosperity Later years Eminence in letters Epigrams; The Forest Underwoods The Sad Shepherd Early Plays His Programme of Reform; Every Man in His Humour Every Man out of His Humour His Tragedies Volpone; Epicoene The Alchemist Bartholomew Fayre His later Comedies His place in Literature BIBLIOGRAPHY

II.	Chapman, Marston, Dekker
	By W. MACNEILE DIXON, M.A. (Dublin), Litt.D. (Glasgow), Professor of English Language and Literature in the University of Glasgow Chapman’s life Shakespeare and the “Rival Poet” Didactic nature of Chapman’s Poetry His Comedies His Historic Tragedies; Bussy D’Ambois; The Revenge Chapman’s Homer Marston’s life His prominence in the War of the Theatres Quarrel with Jonson: Assaults and Counter-assaults End of the quarrel Marston’s Tragedies; Antonio and Mellida The Malcontent Eastward Hoe The Fawne His other Plays; Withdrawal from theatrical life Dekker’s early activities; Value of his work; His Comedies: The Shomakers Holiday; Old Fortunatus; The Honest Whore His Collaborators His place as a Dramatist Importance of his prose work BIBLIOGRAPHY

III.	Middleton and Rowley
	By ARTHUR SYMONS Biographical details Middleton’s non-dramatic work His first Plays: The Mayor of Quinborough The Old Law Blurt Master-Constable His farcical Comedies: their character and material His realism Fluency and naturalness of his work His Collaborators Plays by Rowley alone; their sincerity and nobility of aim Rowley’s influence on Middleton A Faire Quarrell The World tost at Tennis The Changeling Later Plays by Middleton His dramatic genius BIBLIOGRAPHY

IV.	Thomas Heywood
	By A. W. WARD, Litt.D., F.B.A., Master of Peterhouse Thomas Heywood as the servant of public taste His special work in Domestic Drama His life: London and Court associations His point of view as a Playwright His non-dramatic works The Apology for Actors His Plays A Woman Kilde with Kindnesse Elizabethan Domestic Drama Early attempts at realistic treatment The Murder Plays Changes in the social system and their effect on the Drama Heywood’s picture of English country life The Royall King, and The Loyall Subject The Fair Maid Of The West Other Plays His work in collaboration with others His qualities as a Dramatist BIBLIOGRAPHY

V.	Beaumont and Fletcher
	By G. C. MACAULAY, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, University Lecturer in English New influences on the Drama Abandonment of Tragedy for Tragi-comedy; Lowering of moral standards Contemporary appreciation of Beaumont and Fletcher’s work Biographies and early intimacy of the two Dramatists; Individual characteristics Evidence as to authorship Fletcher’s Metrical Style: comparison with that of Shakespeare Features assignable to Beaumont Massinger’s collaboration with Fletcher Excellence of Fletcher’s stage effects His weakness in characterisation Sources of his plays Rapidity of production; Classification of the Plays Tragedies; Romantic Dramas Comedies Qualities of language and style in Beaumont and Fletcher’s plays BIBLIOGRAPHY

VI.	Philip Massinger
	By EMIL KOEPPEL, Professor of English Philology in the University of Strassburg Massinger’s life Biographical value of his Dedications His relations with the Herberts Literary friends Joint workmanship with Fletcher and others His independent Dramas Some Political Dramas of the time Massinger’s political opinions His religious sympathies His literary models: Shakespeare, Fletcher, Jonson His constructive art Typical situations His women His lovers His villains His comical figures His style: preponderance of the rhetorical element His repetitions Contemporary and posthumous reputation Massinger in Germany BIBLIOGRAPHY

VII.	Tourneur and Webster
	By C. E. VAUGHAN, M.A., Balliol College, Oxford, Professor of English Literature in the University of Leeds Meagreness of biographical details Tourneur’s two Tragedies John Webster: periods of his literary activity Collaboration with Dekker and Marston West-Ward Hoe and North-Ward Hoe Webster’s original work The White Divel: question of its sources; possibility of originality in the plot Advance on his earlier work The theme of Revenge as handled by Elizabethan Dramatists The Dutchesse Of Malfy: its source and date; advance in representation and motif The last period Appius and Virginia The Devils Law-case: influence of Fletcher Secret of Webster’s genius: his profound knowledge of human character and sense of tragic issues His imagination and poetic power BIBLIOGRAPHY

VIII.	Ford and Shirley
	By W. A. NEILSON, M.A. (Edinburgh), Ph.D. (Harvard), Professor of English in Harvard University Commencement of the literary period of English Drama Ford’s life and early work Romantic character of his non-dramatic work His collaboration with Dekker His independent Dramas His lost Plays Ford as typical of the period of decadence His merits Shirley’s life and career His Poems His Tragedies His Comedies of Manners and Romantic Comedies His Entertainments Originality of his plots Conventionality of his style Comparison of Shirley with Ford BIBLIOGRAPHY

IX.	Lesser Jacobean and Caroline Dramatists
	By the Rev. RONALD BAYNE, M.A., University College, Oxford General characteristics of the Jacobean and Caroline Drama; the central position of Jonson Belated Elizabethans: John Day’s later comedies; The Ile of Guls; evolution of The Parliament of Bees; its merits and characteristics Armin’s Two Maids of More-clacke Sharpham’s two Plays; The single Plays of Barry, Cooke and Tailor The Pupils of Jonson: Nathaniel Field: his life and training A Woman is a Weather-cocke Field’s debt to Jonson; his romantic tendency and collaboration with Massinger Richard Brome’s life and training: his fifteen extant Plays The Northern Lasse Brome’s debt to Dekker; The Sparagus Garden The City Witt; its briskness and humour A Joviall Crew, Brome’s best Play His romantic experiments; partial success of The Queen and Concubine Thomas Randolph’s University training; His Aristippus and The Conceited Pedler Aristotle’s Ethics dramatised in The Muses Looking-Glasse Originality of Randolph May’s Comedies; The anonymous Nero Davenport’s Revisions of older Plays Thomas Nabbes’s virtuous heroines Comedies of Cartwright, and Mayne Sir John Suckling’s Plays: Aglaura, The Goblins, Brennoralt Marmion’s The Antiquary Tragicomedy as exemplified in the Plays of Lodowick Carlell, Henry Glapthorne and Sir William D’Avenant BIBLIOGRAPHY

X.	The Elizabethan Theatre
	By HAROLD CHILD, sometime Scholar of Brasenose College, Oxford Early Companies of Players Triumph of the Professional Actor and Patronised Company over the Stroller Grounds of objection to the Drama Royal patronage and its effect Increasing control of the production of Plays by the Master of the Revels The Chamberlain’s Company The Queen’s and Admiral’s Companies Places of performance Site and architectural features of the Theater The Curtain The Newington Butts Playhouse The Rose The Globe The Blackfriars The Swan Other Playhouses Differences between the Elizabethan and the Modern Stage Value of John de Witt’s drawing of the Swan The Alternation Theory Differences in Construction Stage Appliances and Properties Performances at private Playhouses and at Court Costumes The Audience The Author and his Company Financial arrangements Social position of the Actor BIBLIOGRAPHY

XI.	The Children of the Chapel Royal and their Masters
	By J. M. MANLY, M.A., Ph.D. (Harvard), Professor of English in the University of Chicago Early history of the Chapel Children Early Masters: John Plummer, Henry Abyndon, William Newark, William Cornish and others Histrionic activity of the Children; Dramatic work of the Masters Plays of the University Wits acted by the Children The Children at the Blackfriars: profitable nature of the undertaking The Child-actors Causes of their success Royal patronage BIBLIOGRAPHY

XII.	University Plays
	By F. S. BOAS, M.A., Balliol College, Oxford, LL.D. (St. Andrews), late Professor of English Literature in Queen’s College, Belfast, and late Clark Lecturer, Trinity College Medieval Drama at the Universities The Senecan School of dramatists; Grimald’s Christus Redivivus and Archipropheta Kirchmayer’s Pammachius Gammer Gurtons Nedle Effect of Queen Elizabeth’s visits to the Universities Halliwell’s Dido and Udall’s Ezechias Edwards’s Palamon and Arcyte Rickets’s Byrsa Basilica; Legge’s Richardus Tertius Perfidus Hetruscus Gager’s Meleager and Dido Fraunce’s Victoria; Academic Comedies Hymenaeus; Laelia Pedantius Attack on Academic Personages and on the Civic Authorities Club-Law The Parnassus Trilogy Tomkin’s Lingua Narcissus King James at Oxford Daniel’s The Queenes Arcadia Thomas Tucker, the Christmas Prince King James at Cambridge; Ruggle’s Ignoramus Barten Holiday’s Technogamia; Allegorical and satirical character of the later Plays King Charles at Cambridge and Oxford Influence of the University Drama BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIII.	Masque and Pastoral
	By the Rev. RONALD BAYNE, M.A. Popularity of the Masque in the age of Elizabeth Its early history Mummings and Disguisings: development of these into the Masque The Masque in Spenser Ben Jonson’s Masques Introduction of the Antimasque Development of the Presenter Campion’s Masques Chapman and Beaumont as Masque-writers Rapid increase of dramatic elements in Jonson’s Masques Jonson’s later work in this field Pastoral Poetry: its history and development Pastoral drama of the University Wits Daniel’s Pastorals Fletcher’s The Faithful Shepheardesse Ben Jonson’s The Sad Shepherd Randolph’s Amyntas BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIV.	The Puritan Attack upon the Stage
	By J. DOVER WILSON, M.A., Gonville and Caius College, Lecturer in English Literature at the Goldsmiths’ College, University of London The attitude of the Reformers towards the Stage Theological and moral objections Beginnings of Puritan opposition in England Attitude of the Civic Authorities in London Systematic persecution of Actors Royal Patronage Attacks on the Stage from the Pulpit Work of Pamphleteers Gosson’s Schoole of Abuse Lodge’s Defence Stubbes’s Anatomie of Abuses Waning interest in the struggle The Controversy at the Universities Effects of changes introduced under the Stewarts Heywood’s Apology for Actors Prynne’s Histriomastix General aspects of the Controversy BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE

An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes

Volume VI: English THE DRAMA TO 1642 Part Two

Contents

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