Chapter I. |
Defoe—The Newspaper and the Novel |
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By W. P. TRENT, LL.D., D.C.L., Professor of English Literature in Columbia University, New York
- Beginnings of the English Newspaper
- The Oxford, afterwards The London, Gazette
- Roger L’Estrange
- His activity as a pamphleteer before and after the Restoration
- The Observator
- L’Estrange’s late troubles and literary work
- Henry Care
- John Dunton
- The Flying Post and The Post Boy
- John Tutchin
- Defoe’s early and business life
- An Essay upon Projects
- The True-Born Englishman
- The Shortest Way with the Dissenters
- Defoe in the pillory
- The Review
- Defoe and Harley
- Mercator and commercial pamphlets
- The Secret History of the White Staff and An Appeal to Honour and Justice
- Discreditable later tracts
- Defoe’s evolution as a Novelist
- Robinson Crusoe and its sequel
- Miscellaneous later writings: Life and Adventures of Mr. Duncan Campbell, A Journal of the Plague Year, Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jacque, Roxana, Memoirs of Captain George Carleton, The Complete English Tradesman
- Defoe’s last years
- His posthumous reputation
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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II. |
Steele and Addison |
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By HAROLD ROUTH, M.A., Peterhouse, Lecturer in English Literature in the Goldsmith’s College, University of London
- The New Civilisation in England and London
- Steele’s Christian Hero
- His Comedies
- Influence of the Coffeehouses
- Literature and Clubland
- Beginnings of The Tattler
- The Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff
- The Tatler on Middle-class Life and Women
- The “Short Story” in germ
- Varied topics
- Collaboration of Addison
- His early Classical Training
- The Campaign
- Character of his contributions to The Tatler
- His style as an Essay-writer
- The Spectator and its Character-types
- The Coverly Group
- The Spectator and The Tatler compared
- The Spectator’s Correspondence
- Its Literary Criticism: Addison on Paradise Lost, and On the Pleasures of the Imagination
- Addison on Religion
- Cato
- The Guardian; Steele’s last Comedy
- Steele, Addison and the Essay
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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III. |
Pope |
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By EDWARD BENSLY, M.A., Trinity College, Professor of Latin, University College of Wales, Aberstwyth
- Pope’s Literary Consciousness, and his attitude towards Contemporary Literature
- His early Life and Studies
- His literary beginnings
- Pastorals
- Windsor Forest
- Messiah
- An Essay on Criticism
- The Rape of the Lock
- Eliosa to Abelard and Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady
- Epistles
- Pope’s Workmanship and Style
- His Homer
- His edition of Shakespeare
- Pope’s literary success and quarrels
- The Dunciad
- Influence of Bolingbroke
- Moral Essays
- An Essay on Man
- Imitations of Horace
- Other Satires
- The new Dunciad and Colley Cibber
- Influence of Warburton
- Pope’s Genius and Influence upon Literature
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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IV. |
Swift |
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By GEORGE ATHERTON AITKEN, M.V.O.
- Swift’s parentage and descent
- Residences with Sir William Temple
- Esther Johnson (Stella)
- The Phalaris Controversy
- Swift Vicar of Laracor
- Swift in London; Association with Addison and the Whigs
- Intimacy with Harley and St. John
- Swift and The Examiner; The Conduct of the Allies and Some Remarks on the Barrier Treaty
- The Brothers’ Club
- Swift retires to Dublin
- Stella and Vanessa
- Irish Politics
- Swift’s Irish popularity
- His despondency and death
- His chief Satires: A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books; Gulliver’s Travels
- Inception, contributory sources and original features of Gulliver
- Genteel Conversation, Directions to Servants, Argument against abolishing Christianity, and other Pamphlets
- Swift’s Religious and Political Writings
- Pamphlets on Irish affairs: Drapier’s Letters
- Swift’s Verse
- Baucis and Philemon; The Grand Question Debated; Cadenus and Vanessa; Later savage Satirical Verse: The Legion Club
- Swift On the Death of Dr. Swift
- The Journal to Stella
- Character of Swift’s life and work
- Swift a Master of Style and of Satire
- What he lacks
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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V. |
Arbuthnot and Lesser Prose Writers |
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By G. A. AITKEN, M.V.O.
- Arbuthnot’s early life and scientific work
- His association with Harley and the Court of Queen Anne
- His Tory pamphlets: The History of John Bull series; The Art of Political Lying
- Arbuthnot, the Tory Wits, and The Memoirs of Scriblerus
- His pamphlets after the crisis
- William King
- Literary criticism of the age: Rymer; Langbaine; Gildon
- John Dennis
- Colley Cibber’s Apology
- Hughes; Rowe; Edwards; Heath; Upton; Zachary Grey
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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VI. |
Lesser Verse Writers, I |
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By THOMAS SECCOMBE, M.A., Balliol College, Oxford
- Prior’s personal and literary beginnings
- The Country and the City Mouse
- His early official Life and Verse: Carmen Seculare
- Prior under Queen Anne
- His last years
- His lyrical verse: Henry and Emma
- Alma and Solomon
- His light Satirical Verse and its excellence
- His Versification
- His productions in Prose: Essays, and Dialogues of the Dead
- John Gay and his early literary efforts; Rural Sports; The Shepherd’s Week; The What D’ ye Call it; Trivia; Gay and the Queensberrys
- The Beggar’s Opera and Polly
- Gay’s love of ease; His Friends
- Ambrose Philips and his Pastorals; His “Namby-Pamby” poems
- Thomas Parnell
- His Homeric Scholarship; The Hermit
- Lady Winchilsea
- John Pomfret
- Thomas Tickell
- His attachment to Addison
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Lesser Verse Writers, II |
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By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, LL.D., D.Litt., F.B.A., Merton College, Oxford, Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of Edinburgh
- Minor Versifiers of the Age
- Younger Contemporaries of Dryden: George Granville (Lord Lansdowne); William Walsh
- Duke, Stepney Yalden and William King
- Older contemporaries of Pope: Isaac Watts and his “Hymns.” Sir Samuel Garth
- The Dispensary: Significance of its Versification and Diction
- Sir Richard Blackmore: Creation
- The Spectator Group: John Philips; Broome and Fenton; Edmund (“Rag”) Smith; Hughes
- Henry Brooke’s poetry
- David Mallet
- Richard Savage
- Stephen Duck; Aaron Hill
- Other Lesser Verse Writers of the Age
- Robert Dodsley and his Collection
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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VII. |
Historical and Political Writers, I
BURNET |
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By A. W. WARD, Litt.D., P.B.A., Master of Peterhouse
- Burnet’s Historical and Political Writings during his residence in Scotland
- Thoughts on Education
- Memoires of the Hamiltons
- Burnet in London
- The History of the Reformation of the Church of England
- Attacks upon it and Replies
- The Life and Death of Sir Matthew Hale
- Burnet in Exile
- Beginnings of Memoirs; and various Political Pamphlets
- A Memorial for the Electress Sophia
- The History of My Own Time and its genesis
- Characteristics of the Work
- Its pervading Purpose
- Historians Contemporary with Burnet: Strype
- Jeremy Collier
- His Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain
- Neal’s History of the Puritans
- Letters to Sir Joseph Williamson
- Memoirs of James II
- Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun; His Political Career and Discourses
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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VIII. |
Historical and Political Writers, II
BOLINGBROKE |
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By A. W. WARD, Litt. D., P.B.A.
- Henry St. John’s Earlier Life and Letters
- His Contributions to The Examiner
- A Letter to Sir William Wyndham
- Bolingbroke in France
- His political activity after his return home
- The Craftsman and its Contributors
- Bolingbroke’s Remarks upon the History of England
- Dissertation upon Parties
- Letters on the Study and Use of History
- Letter on the Spirit of Patriotism
- Idea of a Patriot King
- His last Political Pamphlets
- Qualities of his Style
- Historical and Political Writers contemporary with Bolingbroke: White Kennett; Echard; Rapin; Lediard; Tindal; Boyer; Oldmixon
- Roger North’s Lives of the Norths
- Merits of these Biographies
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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IX. |
Memoir-Writers, 1715–60 |
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By THOMAS SECCOMBE, M.A.
- English Society under the First Two Georges
- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu; The Story of her Life
- Her Turkish Letters
- Her other writings in Verse and Prose
- Lady Cowper’s Diary; Correspondence of Lady Suffolk
- Lord Hervey and Lady Mary
- His Political Career
- His Memoirs and their Character
- Memoirs of Lord Waldegrave and Melcombe (George Bubb Dodington)
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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X. |
Writers of Burlesque and Translators |
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By CHARLES WHIBLEY, M.A., Hon. Fellow of Jesus College
- The Underworld of Letters and its Vagabond Inhabitants
- Their love of Burlesque and Indebtedness to Scarron
- His Imitators in France and in England
- Charles Cotton’s, Monsey’s and John Phillips’s Travesties of Vergil, Scudamore’s of Homer and Alexander Radcliffe’s of Ovid
- Hudibras and Hudibrastic Verse
- Ned Ward’s Hudibras Redivivus, Vulgus Britannicus and London Spy
- Tom Brown’s Amusements for the Meridian of London
- The New Art of Translation
- Versions of Petronius
- John Phillips’s Literary Career
- His Don Quixote
- Motteux and his Translation of Rabelais
- Roger L’Estrange as a Translator
- His Selection of Originals
- His Aesop
- Charles Cotton and his Montaigne
- John Stevens and his Services to English knowledge of Spanish Literature
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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XI. |
Berkeley and Contemporary Philosophy |
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By W. R. SORLEY, Litt.D., F.B.A., Fellow of King’s College, Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy
- English Thought in the Period after the Death of Locke
- METAPHYSICIANS
- Berkeley’s Life and Authorship before and after his sojourn in America
- Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher; Essay towards a New Theory of Vision
- The Merits of the Essay as a work of Psychological Analysis
- Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
- Berkeley’s Idealism
- His place in the History of Thought
- His Common-place Book
- Arthur Collier
- DEISTS
- The Deistical Controversy in English Theology; Charles Blount; Charles Leslie as Champion of Orthodoxy
- Toland’s Christianity not Mysterious; His Literary Career and Philosophical Development: Letters to Serena; Pantheisticon
- Anthony Collins’s Discourse of Free-thinking
- Tindal’s Christianity as Old as the Creation
- Other Deistical Writers: Woolston; Chubb; Morgan; Henry Dodwell the younger
- Influence of Deism; Bolingbroke; Whiston’s Primitive Christianity Revived
- Opponents of the Deists: William Warburton
- MORALISTS
- Samuel Clarke and Rational Ethics
- Shaftesbury; his Characteristics of Men and Manners
- Hutcheson
- Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees
- Bishop Butler’s Fifteen Sermons and Analogy; Exhaustiveness of Butler’s Reasonings
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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XII. |
William Law and the Mystics |
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By CAROLINE F. E. SPURGEON, Dr. of the University of Paris, Fellow of King’s College for Women and Lecturer in English Literature at Bedford College, University of London
- Undercurrent of Mystical Thought in England in the Earlier Half of the Eighteenth Century
- Mysticism in the Seventeenth Century; “Children of Light” in Holland
- The “Behmenites” and the Founders of the Society of Friends
- Life and Writings of William Law
- Law’s Controversial Writings against Hoadly, Mandeville and Tindal
- Christian Perfection and A Serious Call
- Influence of Malebranche, the earlier German Mystics and the Seventeenth Century Quietists upon Law
- Jacob Boehme and the Essence of his Mysticism
- Boehme and Law
- An Appeal to all who Doubt and The Way to Divine Knowledge
- Character of Law’s Prose: Law and Mandeville; The Spirit of Prayer; A Serious Call
- Law’s Followers: John Byrom; Henry Brooke
- Later influence of Boehme on English Thought
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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XIII. |
Scholars and Antiquaries
I. BENTLEY AND CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIP |
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By JAMES DUFF DUFF, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer in Classics of Trinity College
- Learning in England at the Time of Bentley’s Birth: Pearson; Fell; William Lloyd; Henry Dodwell; John Moore
- Bentley’s Earlier Life and Labours
- Epistola ad Millium
- His Lectures against Atheism
- The Phalaris Controversy: Bentley and his Adversaries
- Bentley Master of Trinity; The Troubles of his Mastership
- His Reforms at Cambridge
- Phileleutherus Lipsiensis
- Bentley’s Horace
- Remarks upon a late Discourse of Free-Thinking
- Editions of Terence and Manilius
- Bentley and Paradise Lost
- His Death
- Joseph Wasse; Conyers Middleton; Jeremiah Markland; John Taylor; Richard Dawes
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II. ANTIQUARIES |
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By H. G. ALDIS, M.A., Peterhouse; Secretary of the University Library
- Oxford and the Bodleian
- Dugdale and Dodsworth; The Antiquities of Warwickshire and Monasticon Anglicanum
- Dugdale’s Other Labours
- Anthony Wood and Athenae Oxonienses
- Thomas Hearne
- John Tanner
- John Aubrey
- Local History and Topography: Burton; Plot; Stukeley; Gordon
- Chamberlayne’s Angliae Notitia and its Sequel
- Gibson’s Edition of Camden’s Britannia
- Ashmole and other County Antiquaries
- Baker’s collections: his History of St. John’s College, Cambridge
- Writers on Monastic and Cathedral Antiquities
- Old English Studies: Sir Henry Spelman
- Diplomatic: Thomas Madox; Heraldry; Ames’s Typographical Antiquities
- The Cottonian and the Harleian Libraries
- Osborne and Oldys
- Revival of the Society of Antiquaries
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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XIV. |
Scottish Popular Poetry before Burns |
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By T. F. HENDERSON
- The long Blight on Scottish Secular Verse; Exceptional popularity of Lyndsay
- Survival of Songs in the Puritan Period
- Peculiarity of the relation between English and Scottish Song in the Seventeenth Century
- Ane Compendious Booke of Godly and Spirituall Songs
- Original Scots Songs in The Tea-Table Miscellany: Lady Grizel Baillie, lady Wardlaw and William Hamilton of Gilbertfield
- Robert Sempill and The Life and Death of Habbie Simson
- Watson’s Choice Collection
- Allan Ramsay
- His earlier productions and The Gentle Shepherd
- Difficulty of estimating his Originality; His treatment of the Old Songs; The Tea-Table Miscellany and The Evergreen
- Alexander Pennecuick
- Robert Crawford
- William Hamilton of Bangour
- Sir John Clerk and George Halkett
- Alexander Ross
- Alexander Geddes
- Douglas Graham
- Mrs. Cockburn; Jane and Sir Gilbert Elliot
- Anonymous Songs
- Songs from David Herd’s Manuscript and other Collections
- Jacobite Songs in Hogg’s Jacobite Relics of Scotland; Hogg’s editorial methods
- Literary value of the Jacobite Songs
- Robert Fergusson: his personality and poetic qualities
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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XV. |
Education |
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By J. W. ADAMSON, Fellow of King’s College, London, and Professor of Education in the University of London
- The Seventeenth Century Curriculum
- Henry Wotton’s Essay on the Education of Children
- Proposed supersession of Oxford and Cambridge under the Commonwealth: Milton; Harrington; Hobbes
- Seth Ward’s Vindiciae Academiarum
- The Long Parliament and Education
- Projected Reforms of Schools
- Influence of John Amos Comenius
- Hartlib, Petty and Dury
- Educational Projects after the Restoration: Cowley’s Proposition
- The Ancients v. Moderns Controversy: Temple and Bentley
- Dissenting Academies: Secker’s Experience
- Courtly and Private Education: Comments of Clarendon, Peacham, Francis Osborne and others
- Cavils of Swift and Defoe
- Locke’s Thoughts on Education and Essay concerning Human Understanding
- Influence of the Essay on subsequent Educational Theory
- Education of Girls: Swift, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and others
- Elementary Education
- Private Schools
- Charity Schools: Mandeville
- The Public Schools: Eton and Westminster
- Subjects of Teaching
- The Universities
- Examinations at Cambridge
- The Oxford Tutorial System
- Foundation of the Royal Society
- Bentley’s Range of Studies
- Extension of University Learning
- New Chairs at Cambridge
- Gibbon’s Charges against the Oxford System; Difficulties in the way of Reform
BIBLIOGRAPHY |