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| Background: | The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule – mostly by military governments – civilian rule was established in 1993 and lasted for one decade. President Ange-Felix PATASSE’s civilian government was plagued by unrest, and in March 2003 he was deposed in a military coup led by General Francois BOZIZE, who established a transitional government. Though the government has the tacit support of civil society groups and the main parties, a wide field of candidates contested the municipal, legislative, and presidential elections held in March and May of 2005 in which General BOZIZE was affirmed as president. The government still does not fully control the countryside, where pockets of lawlessness persist. Unrest in neighboring nations, Chad, Sudan, and the DRC, continues to affect stability in the Central African Republic as well. |
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| Geography |
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| Location: | Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Geographic coordinates: | 7 00 N, 21 00 E |
| Map references: | Africa |
| Area: | total: 622,984 sq km
land: 622,984 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
| Area—comparative: | slightly smaller than Texas |
| Land boundaries: | total: 5,203 km
border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km |
| Coastline: | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime claims: | none (landlocked) |
| Climate: | tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers |
| Terrain: | vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m
highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m |
| Natural resources: | diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower |
| Land use: | arable land: 3.1%
permanent crops: 0.15%
other: 96.75% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | 20 sq km (2003) |
| Total renewable water resources: | 144.4 cu km (2003) |
| Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): | total: 0.03 cu km/yr (80%/16%/4%)
per capita: 7 cu m/yr (2000) |
| Natural hazards: | hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common |
| Environment—current issues: | tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished the country’s reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation |
| Environment—international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Geography—note: | landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa |
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| People |
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| Population: | 4,369,038
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 41.6% (male 914,566/female 903,849)
15-64 years: 54.2% (male 1,174,520/female 1,195,364)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 71,355/female 109,384) (2007 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 18.5 years
male: 18.2 years
female: 18.9 years (2007 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 1.505% (2007 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 33.52 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Death rate: | 18.46 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.012 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.983 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.652 male(s)/female
total population: 0.978 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 83.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 90.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 77.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 43.74 years
male: 43.69 years
female: 43.79 years (2007 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 4.32 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS—adult prevalence rate: | 13.5% (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS—people living with HIV/AIDS: | 260,000 (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS—deaths: | 23,000 (2003 est.) |
| Major infectious diseases: | degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2008) |
| Nationality: | noun: Central African(s)
adjective: Central African |
| Ethnic groups: | Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M’Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2% |
| Religions: | indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%
note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority |
| Languages: | French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 51%
male: 63.3%
female: 39.9% (2003 est.) |
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| Government |
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| Country name: | conventional long form: Central African Republic
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique Centrafricaine
local short form: none
former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire
abbreviation: CAR |
| Government type: | republic |
| Capital: | name: Bangui
geographic coordinates: 4 22 N, 18 35 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Administrative divisions: | 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular – prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular – prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga |
| Independence: | 13 August 1960 (from France) |
| National holiday: | Republic Day, 1 December (1958) |
| Constitution: | ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004 |
| Legal system: | based on French law |
| Suffrage: | 21 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: President Francois BOZIZE (since 15 March 2003 coup)
head of government: Prime Minister Faustin-Archange TOUADERA (since 22 January 2008)
cabinet: Council of Ministers
elections: under the new constitution, the president elected to a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 13 March and 8 May 2005 (next to be held in 2010); prime minister appointed by the political party with a parliamentary majority
election results: Francois BOZIZE elected president; percent of second round balloting – Francois BOZIZE (KNK) 64.6%, Martin ZIGUELE (MLPC) 35.4% |
| Legislative branch: | unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (109 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 13 March 2005 and 8 May 2005 (next to be held in 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party – MLPC 43%, RDC 18%, MDD 9%, FPP 6%, PSD 5%, ADP 4%, PUN 3%, FODEM 2%, PLD 2%, UPR 1%, FC 1%, independents 6%; seats by party – MLPC 47, RDC 20, MDD 8, FPP 7, PSD 6, ADP 5, PUN 3, FODEM 2, PLD 2, UPR 1, FC 1, independents 7 |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts |
| Political parties and leaders: | Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Assembly or RDC [Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Ange-Felix PATASSE] (the party of deposed president); National Convergence or KNK; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People’s Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Emmanuel TOUABOY
chancery: 1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 483-7800
FAX: [1] (202) 332-9893 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires James PANOS
embassy: Avenue David Dacko, Bangui
mailing address: B. P. 924, Bangui
telephone: [236] 61 02 00
FAX: [236] 61 44 94
note: the embassy is currently operating with a minimal staff |
| Flag description: | four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band |
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| Economy |
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| Economy—overview: | Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 16% of export earnings and the diamond industry, for 40%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR’s landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | $3.101 billion (2007 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | $1.647 billion (2007 est.) |
| GDP—real growth rate: | 4% (2007 est.) |
| GDP—per capita (PPP): | $700 (2007 est.) |
| GDP—composition by sector: | agriculture: 55%
industry: 20%
services: 25% (2001 est.) |
| Labor force: | 1.857 million (2006) |
| Unemployment rate: | 8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 47.7% (1993) |
| Distribution of family income—Gini index: | 61.3 (1993) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 4% (2007 est.) |
| Budget: | revenues: $250 million
expenditures: $273 million (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture—products: | timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber |
| Industries: | gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles |
| Industrial production growth rate: | 3% (2002) |
| Electricity—production: | 109 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity—consumption: | 101.4 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity—exports: | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity—imports: | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Oil—production: | 0 bbl/day (2005) |
| Oil—consumption: | 2,300 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
| Oil—exports: | 0 bbl/day (2004) |
| Oil—imports: | 2,201 bbl/day (2004) |
| Oil—proved reserves: | 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.) |
| Natural gas—production: | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Natural gas—consumption: | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Natural gas—exports: | 0 cu m (2005 est.) |
| Natural gas—imports: | 0 cu m (2005) |
| Natural gas—proved reserves: | 0 cu m (1 January 2006) |
| Exports: | $146.7 million f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Exports—commodities: | diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco |
| Exports—partners: | Belgium 30.7%, Spain 10.7%, Indonesia 8%, France 7.8%, China 6.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6%, Turkey 5%, Italy 4.7% (2006) |
| Imports: | $237.3 million f.o.b. (2007 est.) |
| Imports—commodities: | food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals |
| Imports—partners: | France 15.4%, Netherlands 15.1%, US 9.2%, Cameroon 8.9% (2006) |
| Debt—external: | $1.153 billion (2007 est.) |
| Market value of publicly traded shares: | $NA |
| Economic aid—recipient: | ODA, $95.29 million; note – traditional budget subsidies from France (2005 est.) |
| Currency (code): | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note – responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States |
| Exchange rates: | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar – 481.8 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003) |
| Fiscal year: | calendar year |
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| Communications |
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| Telephones—main lines in use: | 10,000 (2005) |
| Telephones—mobile cellular: | 100,000 (2005) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: limited telephone service; fixed-line connections for well less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular usage of only about 3 per 100 persons
domestic: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication
international: country code – 236; satellite earth station – 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 1 (2001) |
| Internet country code: | .cf |
| Internet hosts: | 15 (2007) |
| Internet users: | 13,000 (2006) |
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| Transportation |
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| Airports: | 51 (2007) |
| Airports—with paved runways: | total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2007) |
| Airports—with unpaved runways: | total: 48
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 24
under 914 m: 13 (2007) |
| Roadways: | total: 23,810 km (1999) |
| Waterways: | 2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and Sangha rivers) (2006) |
| Ports and terminals: | Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga |
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| Military |
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| Military branches: | Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Ground Forces, General Directorate of Gendarmerie Inspection (DGIG), Military Air Service, National Police (2008) |
| Military service age and obligation: | 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2006) |
| Manpower available for military service: | males age 18-49: 853,760
females age 18-49: 835,426 (2005 est.) |
| Manpower fit for military service: | males age 18-49: 416,091
females age 18-49: 383,056 (2005 est.) |
| Military expenditures—percent of GDP: | 1.1% (2006 est.) |
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| Transnational Issues |
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| Disputes—international: | periodic skirmishes over water and grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border with southern Sudan persist |
| Refugees and internally displaced persons: | refugees (country of origin): 19,960 (Sudan), 3,325 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); note – UNHCR resumed repatriation of Southern Sudanese refugees in 2006
IDPs: 150,000 (ongoing unrest following coup in 2003) (2006) |
| Trafficking in persons: | current situation: Central African Republic is a source and destination country for children trafficked for domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and forced labor in shops and commercial labor activities; while the majority of child victims are trafficked within the country, some are also trafficked to and from Cameroon and Nigeria
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – the Central African Republic failed to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in persons during 2005, specifically its inadequate law enforcement response to trafficking crimes |
