Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Among the structure A or structure B the more favored on the basis of formal charges has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A covalent bond is a bond that results from the mutual sharing of electrons between atoms. Lewis structures are representations of the covalent bond. In this, Lewis symbols show how the valence electrons are present in the molecule.
The steps to draw the Lewis structure of the molecule are as follows:
Step 1: Find the central atom and place the other atoms around it. The atom in a compound that has the lowest group number or lowest electronegativity considered as the central atom.
Step 2: Estimate the total number of valence electrons.
Step 3: Connect the other atoms around the central atoms to the central atom with a single bond and lower the value of valence electrons by 2 of every single bond.
Step 4: Allocate the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom can get 8 electrons.
The formula to calculate formal charge of the atom is as follows:
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Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- The chemistry of the nitrite ion and HNO2: (a) Two resonance structures are possible for NO2. Draw these structures, and then find the formal charge on each atom in each resonance structure. (b) In forming the acid HNO2 an H+ ion attaches to the O atom and not the N atom of NO2. Explain why you would predict this result. (c) Two resonance structures are possible for HNO2. Draw these structures, and then find the formal charge on each atom in each resonance structure. Is either of these structures strongly preferred over the other?arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forward
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- The formal charge is the "charge" an element would have in a molecule or ion if all of the bonding electrons were shared equally between atoms. We can draw three inequivalent Lewis structures for the tellurite ion, TeO32-. The concepts of formal charge and electronegativity can help us choose the structure that is the best representation. 1. Assign formal charges to the elements in each of the structures below. Note: Count oxygen atoms starting from the left for each structure. Formal Charge Te 0₁ Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. 02 03 Te Te HENKI :0: B :0: | 2- 2. The best Lewis structure for TeO3²- is ↑ :0: :0: C Previous Nextarrow_forwardWrite all resonance structures for NCO− ion. Use formal charges to predict the most stable one (i.e. the one that has the lowest energy configuration) and the least stable. Briefly explain.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structure(s) for the acetate ion (CH2CO0). If there are equivalent resonance structures, draw all of them. • Draw one structure per sketcher box, and separate added sketcher boxes with the Do not include overall ion charges or formal charges in your drawing. • Do not draw double bonds to oxygen unless they are needed in order for the central atom to obey the octet rule. symbol. CH3COO":arrow_forward
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