Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 42E
Hot and spicy foods contain molecules that stimulate paindetecting nerve endings. Two such molecules are piperine and capsaicin:
Piperine
Capsaicin
Piperine is the active compound in white and black pepper, and capsaicin is the active compound in chili peppers. The ring structures in piperine and capsaicin are shorthand notation. Each point where lines meet represents a carbon atom.
a. Complete the Lewis structure for piperine and capsaicin, showing all lone pairs of electrons.
b. How many carbon atoms ate sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized in each molecule?
c. Which hybrid orbitals are used by the nitrogen atoms in each molecule?
d. Give approximate values for the bond angles marked a through l in the above structures.
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Resonance Structures
A molecule with delocalized electrons often cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure.
The structure is represented by several contributing structures called resonance structures. A
resonance hybrid is an average of the various Lewis structures.
The resonance structure should not be interpreted as a molecule switching between forms, but a
molecule acting as an average of multiple forms.
Rules for Drawing Resonance Structures:
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry
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