The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria. Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.

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How can horizontal gene transfer influence evolution? Would you be able to detect it using phylogeny? What about horizontal gene transfer makes reading bacterial trees difficult?

According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except: Endosymbiosis in a nutshell: 1. Start with two 2. One bacterium engulfs the other. 3. One bacterium now lives inside the other. independent bacteria. 4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement. 5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to generation. O a they each have a double membrane they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host they are the size of bacteria their DNA is different from its host

Describe the Theory of Endosymbiosis. a) Briefly define the Endosymbiotic Theory. 2 pts,b) Explain why the Theory of Endosymbiosis is considered a “theory” and not a “hypothesis.” 3 pts,c) Provide a description of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including at least 4 similarities and 4 structural differences. 4 pts,d) Describe the sequence of events with anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes that led to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside eukaryotic cells. (Be sure to define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.) 6 pts,e) Explain how each, the anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes, benefited from the relationship. 4 pts,f) Describe 7 pieces of evidence for this scientific theory. Some of this evidence will consist of a list of similarities between mitochondria characteristics and bacteria characteristics. Along with this list of similarities, explain HOW the characteristics are similar. 10 pts,g) The Endosymbiotic Theory…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 1PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The evolutionary factors that should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept can be applied to bacteria.

Introduction: Biological species concept (BSC) is a widely accepted concept for species. It defines the concept of species as a group of species whose members are capable of interbreeding but isolated from others on the basis of their reproductive abilities.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Biological species link species to the evolution process as the interbreeding species share a common gene pool. The DNA recombination takes place instead of gene exchange between different species. This recombination results in the evolution of species. This concept helps to maintain the species uniformity, and it is applicable for large, complex creatures consisting of gametes.

In the single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, reproduction occurs mainly by asexual means. In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer takes place (transfer of genome from one bacterium to another). Since in this process, the only transfer of genetic material occurs, so it does not explain the evolutionary process, and therefore such species cannot be grouped together. The asexual reproduction bypasses the standard evolutionary process explained in the concept. Hence, the biological species concept (BSC) is not applicable to bacteria.