Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 42PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  1

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

TypeofMoleculeNo.ofatomsbondedtocentralatomsNo.oflonepairsoncentralatomArrangementofelectronpairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330TrigonalplanarTrigonalplanarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550TrigonalbipyramidalTrigonalbipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The structure of BCl3 is,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  2

This molecule has a trigonal planar geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  3

However BCl3 an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  4

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

TypeofMoleculeNo.ofatomsbondedtocentralatomsNo.oflonepairsoncentralatomArrangementofelectronpairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330TrigonalplanarTrigonalplanarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550TrigonalbipyramidalTrigonalbipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The structure of PCl3 is,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  5

This molecule has a trigonal planar geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  6

However PCl3 an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end (dipole) and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  7

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

TypeofMoleculeNo.ofatomsbondedtocentralatomsNo.oflonepairsoncentralatomArrangementofelectronpairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330TrigonalplanarTrigonalplanarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550TrigonalbipyramidalTrigonalbipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The structure of CF4 is,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  8

This molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  9

However CF4 an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  10

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

TypeofMoleculeNo.ofatomsbondedtocentralatomsNo.oflonepairsoncentralatomArrangementofelectronpairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330TrigonalplanarTrigonalplanarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550TrigonalbipyramidalTrigonalbipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The structure of GeH4 is,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  11

This molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 8, Problem 42PS , additional homework tip  12

However GeH4 an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 8.4 - Draw resonance structures for the bicarbonate ion,...Ch. 8.4 - 1. For which of the following species, SO32−, NO+,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.5 - Sketch the Lewis structures for CIF2+ and CIF2....Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1QCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2QCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.6 - What is the shape of the dichloromethane (CH2C12)...Ch. 8.6 - Give the electron-pair geometry and molecular...Ch. 8.6 - Draw the Lewis structure for lCl2, and then decide...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 8.6 - Which of the following species has...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.6 - What is the approximate ClCCl bond angle in...Ch. 8.6 - 4. What is the molecular geometry of N2O (where...Ch. 8.7 - Draw the resonance structures for SCN. What are...Ch. 8.7 - For each of the following molecules, decide...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.7 - 2. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 8.7 - Three resonance forms can be drawn for the...Ch. 8.8 - The electrostatic potential surface for SOCl2 is...Ch. 8.8 - Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1RCCh. 8.8 - Prob. 2RCCh. 8.9 - 1. Which of the following species has the longest...Ch. 8.9 - 2. Which of the following species has the largest...Ch. 8.9 - 3. 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Use...Ch. 8 - Prob. 65GQCh. 8 - Draw resonance structures for the SO2 molecule,...Ch. 8 - What are the orders of the NO bonds in NO2 and...Ch. 8 - Which has the greater ONO bond angle, NO2 or NO2+?...Ch. 8 - Compare the FClF angles in CIF2+ and ClF2. Using...Ch. 8 - Draw an electron dot structure for the cyanide...Ch. 8 - Draw the electron dot structure for the sulfite...Ch. 8 - Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, can decompose to...Ch. 8 - The equation for the combustion of gaseous...Ch. 8 - The cyanate ion, OCN, has the least...Ch. 8 - Vanillin is the flavoring agent in vanilla extract...Ch. 8 - Explain why (a) XeF2 has a linear molecular...Ch. 8 - The formula for nitryl chloride is ClNO2 (in which...Ch. 8 - Hydroxyproline is a less-common amino acid. 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