Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 6.1, Problem 1TC
Summary Introduction
To explain: The possibility of designing one roller coaster that does not use any motors to pull the cars uphill after they were released from a high point.
Introduction: Capacity to do work is called as energy. Energy is neither be created nor destroyed. Energy is classified into two types, namely potential energy and kinetic energy. The stored form of energy is called as potential energy and energy of movement is known as kinetic energy.
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The sliding filament model depicts how myosin motors attached to actin lead to muscle contraction. This process proceeds in a precise series of events. Indicate which of the following shows the correct order of steps in the sliding filament model.
Group of answer choices
Myosin binds ATP; myosin tightly binds actin; power stroke; myosin releases actin
Myosin binds GTP; myosin releases actin; power stroke; myosin tightly binds actin
Actin binds ATP; power stroke; myosin tightly binds actin; actin releases ADP
Actin binds ADP; myosin releases actin; power stroke; actin releases ADP
Use the following information to answer the next question:
In a classic experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle
contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that sends a message to a muscle
fibre is suspended. One end is attached to the muscle fibre, and the free end of the
muscle fibre is attached to a mass. If an electrical stimulus is sufficient to cause an
impulse in the neuron, the muscle will contract and lift the mass. The following data
were obtained from the experiment.
Strength of Stimulus (mV)
Mass Lifted by Muscle (g)
1
2
10
3
10
4
Analyze the data and answer the following questions:
1. a.
Define threshold potential and illustrate your definition with a specific
example. What is the minimum stimulus required to reach the threshold
potential for this neuron?
Answer:
Explain the all-or-none response. Predict the mass that could be lifted at
4 mV of stimuli. Explain your answer.
b.
Answer:
Choose a specific example of a sensory receptor, and…
explain why a person bringing 50 kg sack of rice will not move in the same speed and duration as one running in a marathon based on the concept of skeletal muscle contraction
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.1 - Energy Unleashed Much like a cars engine, the...Ch. 6.1 - define energy and work?Ch. 6.1 - define potential energy and kinetic energy and...Ch. 6.1 - State and explain the first and second laws of...Ch. 6.2 - Is glucose breakdown endergonic or exergonic? What...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 6.2 - describe how energy is captured and released by...Ch. 6.2 - explain exergonic and endergonic reactions and...Ch. 6.2 - explain activation energy?
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 6.3 - In hope of reducing plastic waste, some towns and...Ch. 6.3 - name and describe two important energy-carrier...Ch. 6.3 - explain coupled reactions?Ch. 6.4 - Can an enzyme catalyst make an endergonic reaction...Ch. 6.4 - You may have seen the almost magical glow of...Ch. 6.4 - explain how catalysts reduce activation energy?Ch. 6.4 - explain how enzymes function as biological...Ch. 6.5 - Health Watch Lack of an Enzyme Leads to Lactose...Ch. 6.5 - describe how cells regulate the rate at which...Ch. 6.5 - explain how poisons, drugs, and environmental...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 6 - Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 6 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQCh. 6 - While vacuuming, you show off by telling a friend...Ch. 6 - Refute the following: According to evolutionary...Ch. 6 - Can a bear use all the energy contained in the...
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- Part 1 of 1- Question 1 of 1 During the actin-myosin ATP cycle, if there is no action potential on the muscle cell but lots of ATP available, which of the following statements will be true? • O A. Myosin will be attached to actin but there will be no ATP attached to the myosin head O B. ATP will have been split into ADP and Pi but a crossbridge will not have formed yet OC. The power stroke will have occurred, but no ATP can attach to the myosin head D. The crossbridge between the myosin head and actin will not breakarrow_forwardIf an athlete increases their strength capability by 15% and their body mass by 20%, their ability to accelerate is: Question 22 options: increased decreased remains the same also known as a mass-to-strength ratio Question 23 Which of the following characteristics makes a muscular contraction the strongest at its optimal joint angle: Question 23 options: maximum number of myofibrils maximum number of fasiculi maximum number of myofilaments maximum number of cross-bridgesarrow_forwardThe diagram represents a reversible equation at equilibrium. Q+X#Y+Z Which of these actions will shift the equilibrium to the right? A. add X B. remove A C. add B D. add Zarrow_forward
- A) Describe the difference between strength and power during a squat. Provide a quantitative example that illustrates the difference. B) During a squat, the weight you have on your shoulders has a certain amount of gravitational potential energy. As you squat down and come to a stop at the bottom of the squat, some of that energy is lost. Where does it go?arrow_forwarda toy car rolls 10 meters (m) across the floor. it takes 5 seconds (s) to cross this distance. what is the speed of this car?arrow_forwardWith regard to muscle contraction, which of the following is an INCORRECT statement with regard to the interactions of filaments that occur in the sarcomere? A. When muscles are relaxed tropomyosin blocks binding sites on actin subunits, which keeps cross-bridges from forming. B. The myosin heads conduct a power stroke motion to slide when bound to actin, to move the "thin" filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. C. During contraction, actin subunits are removed from the ends of the "thin" filaments to shorten actin polymers, thus reducing the length of the sarcomere. D. "Thick" filaments are anchored at the M-line, while "thin" filaments are anchored at the Z-line. E. Numerous myosin heads engage with the actin filaments simultaneously, such that there is no back-slipping during the contraction process.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forwardWhich of the following happens last in the sliding filament theory? A. Tropomyosin Shifts B. Calcium binds to troponin C. Myosin binds to actin D. Myosin heads undergo the powerstrokearrow_forwardA study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. What is the independant and dependant variable and constant of the sanario?arrow_forward
- During muscle contraction, some energy is supplied from creatine phosphate. Which of the following events occurs during the breakdown of creatine phosphate? Question 6 options: a ATP molecules breakdown producing ADP + P groups. b ATP molecules are formed when P groups are bonded to ADP. c ADP molecules break down producing AMP + P groups. d ADP molecules are formed when P groups are bonded to AMParrow_forwardYou are helping Eldon Tyrell create replicants to work in off-world colonies. You want to design muscle cells that can produce the most tension. These muscle cells will have an abundant amount of: Moments that will be lost in time, like tears in rain... Sarcolemma Mitochondria O Myofibrilarrow_forward3) Paula is a scientist who is developing a drug called Fremtol that will be used to treat muscle spasms. This drug acts on specific skeletal muscles to (1) block the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (2) inhibit the pivoting ability of the myosin heads of the thick filaments, and (3) block the production of ATP by the mitochondria in skeletal muscles. By using this drug, contraction of certain skeletal muscle fibers is reduced, which keeps those muscles from producing spasms. In the above scenario, Fremtol’s effect of blocking muscle mitochondrial ATP production would result in the inability of the muscle to make ATP from ___________. a. creatine phosphate b. anaerobic glycolysis c. aerobic respiration d. All of the above e. None of the abovearrow_forward
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