Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 5.A, Problem 1ADQ
To determine
Affirmative and negative majority votes and inefficient allocation of resources.
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1. A city has three equal-sized groups of people: (1) Type A people consistently prefer more public school expenditure; (2) Type B people prefer high levels of public school expenditure to low levels, and they prefer low levels to medium levels; (3) Type C people most prefer medium levels to low levels, and they prefer low levels to high levels.
Will majority voting generate consistent outcomes in this case? (Hint: you should check if there are cycles in outcomes by changing the order of voting)
A.True
B. False
2. Suppose Florida government has asked you to design and evaluate the effectiveness of an education voucher program. What is wrong with simply comparing the educational performance of those receiving vouchers with those who do not receive vouchers? Explain.
2. In this problem, you will compare the level of a public good chosen under majority voting to the socially-optimal level under three different sets of circumstances. Suppose first that individual i's demand curve for z is given by αi/z, where αi is a positive parameter. Instead of being linear, this demand curve is a hyperbola. Suppose further that z costs $1 per unit to produce (c = 1) and that this cost is shared equally among consumers. Therefore, cost per person is 1/n per unit of z. Then consider the three sets of circumstances listed below. Each situation has a different number of consumers in the economy and different collections of α values for the consumers. The number of consumers is denoted n and the vector of α values is denoted A = (α1,α2,...,αn-1,αn). Case 1: n = 7, A = (4, 2, 12, 4, 5, 13, 8). Case 2: n = 5, A = (10, 6, 11, 14, 8). Case 3: n = 9, A = (6, 9, 10, 4.5, 12, 7, 13.5, 8, 11). Using this information, do the following:
a)For each case, compute the preferred z…
1.
Chapter 4
Market Failure Caused by Externalities
Page
94 Problem 1
Draw a supply and demand graph and
identify the areas of consumer surplus and
producer surplus. Given the demand curve,
how will an increase in supply affect the
amount of surplus shown in your diagram ?
Explain. LO4.1 (Differentiate between
demand-side market failures and supply-side
market failures.
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- Explain how affirmative and negative majority votes can sometimes lead to inefficient allocations of resources to public goods. Is this problem likely to be greater under a benefits-received or under an ability-to-pay tax system? Use the information in Figures 17.1a and 17.1b to show how society might be better off if Adams were allowed to buy votes.arrow_forwardSuppose demand is represented by P = 100 - 2Q, and supply is represented by P = 5 + 3Q. If the government imposes a $5 per unit tax, to be collected from the buyers, what is the change in total surplus between the pre- and post-tax equilibriums? O-$87.5 O-$2.5 O-$5 O-$92.5arrow_forwardSuppose that the demand and supply functions for a good are given as follows: Demand: 0 = 600-5P Supply: 0 Suppose now that government imposes $27 tax per unit of output on sellers. What is the burden on sellers? =-300+4P O 27 12 15arrow_forward
- 4.12. A social choice function satisfies the bottom criterion if, whenever a candidate is not at the bottom of the preference list of any voter,that candidate is a winner.(a) Does the plurality method satisfy the bottom criterion?(b) Does the antiplurality method satisfy the bottom criterion?(c) Explain why it is impossible for a social choice function with three ormore candidates to satisfy both the bottom criterion and the Paretocriterion.arrow_forwardQuestion 5: Combined state and federal taxes on gasoline average around 50 cents per gallon, and these taxes are statutorily levied on gasoline sellers. Because the demand for gasoline is relatively inelastic compared to the supply of gasoline: buyers likely do not bear much of the actual burden because it is statutorily levied on sellers who must submit the tax payments. sellers likely bear most of the actual burden of the tax through lower gasoline prices. O the net price received by sellers after they pay taxes likely falls by almost the full amount of the tax. O buyers likely bear most of the actual burden of the tax through higher gasoline prices.arrow_forward1.14. Consider a variation on the idea of a weighted voting system, inwhich one or more voters is given a negative weight. Show that sucha system is not monotone. If a voter knows that the method assigns anegative weight to her vote, how will she be inclined to cast her ballot?arrow_forward
- The New York City Council is ready to vote on two billsthat authorize the construction of new roads in Manhattanand Brooklyn. If the two boroughs join forces, they can passboth bills, but neither borough by itself has enough powerto pass a bill. If a bill is passed, then it will cost the taxpayersof each borough $1 million, but if roads are built in aborough, the benefits to the borough are estimated to be $10million. The council votes on both bills simultaneously, andeach councilperson must vote on the bills without knowinghow anybody else will vote. Assuming that each boroughsupports its own bill, determine whether this game has anyequilibrium points. Is this game analogous to the Prisoner’sDilemma? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardSuppose a local government imposes a tax on sales of firewood. Before the tax, 20,000 bundles were sold at an average price of $6 per bundle. With the tax in effect, 16,000 bundles are sold, buyers pay $6.40 per pack, and sellers receive $5.50 per pack. In this scenario, the tax is $____ per pack, the tax incidence that falls on buyers is $______ per pack, and the tax incidence that falls on sellers is $______ per pack.arrow_forwardRefer to the above supply and demand graph of Product X. Q, Quantity of Product X What would happen if the government taxed the producers of this product because it has negative externalities in production? O 1) Supply would increase. 2) Demand would decrease. O 3) Price would decrease. 4) Supply would decrease. Pricearrow_forward
- Suppose that a country has 20 million households. Ten million are poor households that each have labor market earnings of $20,000 per year and 10 million are rich households that each have labor market earnings of $80,000 per year. If the government enacted a marginal tax of 10 percent on all labor market earnings above $20,000 and transferred this money to households earning $20,000 or less, would the incomes of the poor rise by $8,000 per year? O A. No. Workers in rich and poor households would work less because of the marginal tax. O B. Yes. 10% of $80,000 is $8,000; therefore, $8,000 from each rich household would be transferred to each poor household. O C. There is not enough information to determine household behavior in this case. O D. No. Only workers in rich households would work less because of the marginal tax.arrow_forwardHow can pork-barrel spending occur in a situation of majority voting when it benefits only a small group?arrow_forward4.1. The vote-for-two method works as follows: Candidates get apoint whenever a voter ranks them first or second. The candidate withthe most points is declared to be the winner (or if several candidates tiefor the most points, they are all declared to be winners).(a) Does the vote-for-two method satisfy the Condorcet criterion?(b) Does the vote-for-two method satisfy the anti-Condorcet criterion?(c) Does the vote-for-two method satisfy the Pareto property?(d) Is the vote-for-two method independent?arrow_forward
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