Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 41.1, Problem 1TC
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
The difficulty to hold a heavy weight in fully extended arms and the generation of very little force when the muscle is highly stretched.
Introduction:
The muscles relax and contract the body parts of the human body to cause the movements. The effect of the relaxation of the muscle is nullified by the effect of another muscle so that the first muscle can contract to its original place. The muscles also interact with each other for the proper functioning of the muscular system.
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We move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.
Two skeletal muscles A and B contain 1000 and 200 individual muscle fibers respectively. Muscle A has 10 motor units each consisting of one motor neuron and 100 muscle fibers. Muscle B has 20 motor units and each consisting of 10 muscle fibers and one motor neuron. Which muscle can produce a wider range of forces?
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.1 - White meat or dark? It seems almost everyone has a...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 41.1 - explain how the nervous system causes contraction...Ch. 41.2 - describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 41.2 - compare cardiac and smooth muscle to skeletal...
Ch. 41.3 - Why are thick, armor like exoskeletons found...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.3 - list and describe the functions of the different...Ch. 41.3 - explain how a bone fracture is repaired and how...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 41 - Prob. 1MCCh. 41 - Prob. 2MCCh. 41 - Prob. 3MCCh. 41 - Prob. 4MCCh. 41 - Prob. 5MCCh. 41 - The three types of skeletal systems found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 41 - A skeletal muscle cells is called a(n)__________....Ch. 41 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 41 - Sketch a relaxed muscle fiber containing a...Ch. 41 - Describe the process of skeletal muscle...Ch. 41 - Explain the following two statements: Muscles can...Ch. 41 - What are the three types of skeletons found in...Ch. 41 - Compare the structures of the following pairs:...Ch. 41 - Explain the functions of osteoblasts and...Ch. 41 - Describe a hinge joint and how it is moved by...Ch. 41 - Discuss some of the problems that would result. If...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2AC
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- In a general sense, how do skeletal muscles produce movement?arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forward
- How do actin and myosin interact in a sarcomere to bring about muscle contraction? What roles do ATP and calcium play?arrow_forwardIn an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a single cross-bridge power stroke and a single twitch of a skeletal muscle fiber?arrow_forward
- Why does muscle fatigue occur? since sarcomeres within skeletal muscles are rigidly aligned with each other what do you think excessive stretch or compression (remember the basic structure of the sarcomere with overlapping thin and thick filaments and the length-tension relationship) will do to the force generation of a muscle contraction?arrow_forwardIf your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? If your biceps brachii muscle attaches to your forearm 2 inches below your elbow, the distance from the elbow to the palm of your hand is 18 inches, and you lift a 20 pound weight, how much pull must your muscle exert to achieve elbow flexion? hhharrow_forwardWhat effect does stretching the muscle have on contractile strength? Is this effect linear? What preload force resulted in the highest contractile force?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not true when comparing slow twitch red and fast twitch white muscle fibers? Question 2 options: a) Red contain more mitochondria than white b) Red contain more myoglobin than white c) Red contracts more slowly than white d) Red contain more glycogen stores than whitearrow_forwardMuscular endurance is defined as the: O a) ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly over an extended period of time b) amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximal effort O c) ability to move the joints through a full range of motion O d) amount of time required to contract a muscle completelyarrow_forwardThe sliding filament model of contraction is a theory that is used to explain how muscles contract to cause movement. The theory explains that the change in the length of the muscle during contraction is due to the sliding of the myofilaments past each other and not to a change in the length of either of the myofilaments.arrow_forward
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