Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on extensions and modifications of Mendelian principles and ratios. In the process, we encountered many opportunities to consider how this information was acquired. On the basis of these discussions, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions?
- (a) How were early geneticists able to ascertain inheritance patterns that did not fit typical Mendelian ratios?
- (b) How did geneticists determine that inheritance of some
phenotypic characteristics involves the interactions of two or more gene pairs? How were they able to determine how many gene pairs were involved? - (c) How do we know that specific genes are located on the sex-determining chromosomes rather than on autosomes?
- (d) For genes whose expression seems to be tied to the sex of individuals, how do we know whether a gene is X-linked in contrast to exhibiting sex-limited or sex-influenced inheritance?
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Are Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment even relevant today in the age of genomics, when it is possible to sequence an organism’s entire genome and determine all of its genetic information? Why is it important to study these principles, and how can they be used?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 4 - In the guinea pig, one locus involved in the...Ch. 4 - In some plants a red flower pigment, cyanidin, is...Ch. 4 - Below are three pedigrees. For each trait,...Ch. 4 - Researching their family histories, a deaf couple...Ch. 4 - Researching their family histories, a deaf couple...Ch. 4 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 4 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 4 - In shorthorn cattle, coat color may be red, white,...Ch. 4 - In foxes, two alleles of a single gene, P and p,...Ch. 4 - In mice, a short-tailed mutant was discovered....
Ch. 4 - List all possible genotypes for the A, B, AB, and...Ch. 4 - With regard to the ABO blood types in humans,...Ch. 4 - In a disputed parentage case, the child is blood...Ch. 4 - The A and B antigens in humans may be found in...Ch. 4 - In chickens, a condition referred to as creeper...Ch. 4 - In rabbits, a series of multiple alleles controls...Ch. 4 - Three gene pairs located on separate autosomes...Ch. 4 - As in Problem 12, flower color may be red, white,...Ch. 4 - Horses can be cremello (a light cream color),...Ch. 4 - With reference to the eye color phenotypes...Ch. 4 - Pigment in mouse fur is only produced when the C...Ch. 4 - In rats, the following genotypes of two...Ch. 4 - Given the inheritance pattern of coat color in...Ch. 4 - In a species of the cat family, eye color can be...Ch. 4 - In a plant, a tall variety was crossed with a...Ch. 4 - In a unique species of plants, flowers may be...Ch. 4 - Five human matings (15), identified by both...Ch. 4 - A husband and wife have normal vision, although...Ch. 4 - In humans, the ABO blood type is under the control...Ch. 4 - In Drosophila, an X-linked recessive mutation,...Ch. 4 - Another recessive mutation in Drosophila, ebony...Ch. 4 - In Drosophila, the X-linked recessive mutation...Ch. 4 - While vermilion is X-linked in Drosophila and...Ch. 4 - In a cross in Drosophila involving the X-linked...Ch. 4 - Consider the three pedigrees below, all involving...Ch. 4 - In goats, the development of the beard is due to a...Ch. 4 - Predict the F1 and F2 results of crossing a male...Ch. 4 - Two mothers give birth to sons at the same time at...Ch. 4 - Discuss the topic of phenotypic expression and the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 35PDQCh. 4 - Labrador retrievers may be black, brown...Ch. 4 - A true-breeding purple-leafed plant isolated from...Ch. 4 - In Dexter and Kerry cattle, animals may be polled...Ch. 4 - A geneticist from an alien planet that prohibits...Ch. 4 - The following pedigree is characteristic of an...Ch. 4 - Students taking a genetics exam were expected to...Ch. 4 - In four oclock plants, many flower colors are...Ch. 4 - Below is a partial pedigree of hemophilia in the...
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The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forward
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