Concept explainers
Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book.
- Drawing Fischer Projection Formulas for Amino Acids Without consulting chapter figures, draw Fischer projection formulas for glycine, aspartate, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and threonine.
Interpretation:
The Fischer projection formulas for the following amino acids should be drawn.
Glycine, Aspartate, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine and Threonine.
Concept Introduction:
Fisher projection formula is the method used to predict a stereo formula within two dimensions without hampering the stereochemical information.
Explanation of Solution
All amino acids contain
The R group of glycine is hydrogen.
Glycine:
The R group of aspartates is a -CH2COOH.
The R group of leucine is an isobutyl group.
The R group of isoleucine is a sec-butyl group.
The R group of methionine is a thioether of methyl and ethyl groups.
The R group of threonine contains another chiral carbon attached to methyl and a hydroxyl group.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Determining the Systematic Name for a Trisaccharide Give the systematic name for it stachyose.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Interpreting Kinetics Experiments from Graphical Patterns The following graphical patterns obtained from kinetic experiments have several possible interpretations depending on the nature of the experiment and the variables being plotted. Give at least two possibilities for each.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Oligonucleotide Structure Draw the chemical structure of pACG.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. (Research Problem) The Nature and Roles of Linear Motifs in Proteins In addition to domains and modules, there are other significant sequence patterns in proteins—known as linear motifs—that are associated with a particular function. Consult the biochemical literature to answer the following questions: 1. What are linear motifs? 2. How are they different from domains?. 3. What are their functions? 4. How can they be characterized? 5. There are several papers that are good starting points for this problem. Neduva, V., and Russell, R., 2005. Linear motifs: evolutionary interaction switches. FEBS Letters 579:3342-3345. Gibson, T., 2009. Cell regulation: determined to signal discrete cooperation. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 34:471-482. Diella, K. Haslam, N., Chica., C. et aL, 2009. Understanding eukaryotic linear motifs and their role in cell signaling and regulation. Frontiers of Bioscience 13:6580-6603.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. General Controls Over Enzyme Activity List six general ways in which enzyme activity is controlled.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Writing Dissociation Equations for Amino Acids Write equations fur the ionic dissociations of alanine, glutamate, histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. To fully appreciate the elements of secondary structure in proteins, it is useful to have a practical sense of their structures. On a piece of paper, draw a simple but large zigzag pattern to represent a -strand. Then fill in the structure, drawing the locations of the moms of the chain on this zigzag pattern. Then draw a simple, large coil on a piece of paper to represent an -helix. Then fill in the structure, drawing the backbone atoms in the correction locations along the coil and indicating the locations of the R groups in your drawing.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Use examples from the ActiveModel for Human GaleLtin-1 to describe the hydrophobic effect.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Assessing the pH Dependence of Poly-L-Glutamate Structure Poly-L glutamate adopts an tr-helical structure at low pH but becomes a random coil above pH 5. Explain this behavior.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems book. Understanding the Role of Gly Residues In Protein Secondary and Tertiary Structure It is often observed that Gly residues are conserved in proteins to a greater degree than other amino acids. From what you have learned in this chapter, suggest a reason for this observation.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Proteins and nucleic acids are informational macromolecules. What are the two minimal criteria for a linear informational polymer?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Identify Proteins Using BLAST Searches of Peptide Fragment Sequences Go to the National Center for Biotechnology Information Web site at httlp:llhwww.ncbi.nlm.niih.goyl. From the menu (if Popular Resources on the right-hand side, click on “BLAST. Under the Basic BLAST heading on the new page that comes up, dick on protein blast. lit the Enter Query Sequence box at the top of the page that comes up, enter the following sequence: NQMMK.SR.N- LTKDRCKP. Confirm that the database under ChoOsC Search Set us set (111 nr (nonredundant protein Sequences), then click the BLAST button at the bottom (if the page td see the results of your search. Next, enter this sequence from a different protein: SLQTASAPDVYAlGfcCA. Identify the protein from which this sequence was derived.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning