Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 38, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Homeostasis is a mechanism in which the changes in environment are compensated through internal adjustments. It is the regulation of internal environment, maintaining it in a steady constant state. There are the negative feedback mechanisms that include sensors that detect change in the environment; integrator compares it to the reference point, and effector that works to bring the condition to the set reference point by making some compensations. When the change is brought to normal state, the compensatory response is stopped.
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Which of the following is incorrect?a. Equilibrium requires a constant input of energy.b. Positive feedback is less common in nature than negative feedback.c. Homeostasis does not imply that a given variable is unchanging.d. Fever is an example of resetting a set point.e. Efferent pathways carry information away from the integrating center of a reflex arc.
Which of the following occurs in the legs of goose (bird) standing on a frozen pond?
Group of answer choices
A. Warm blood from the body flows toward the legs of the bird.
B. Cool blood from the feet flows toward the body of the bird.
C. Heat is transferred from warm blood to cooler blood, reducing loss of heat to the environment.
D. A and C
E. A, B, and C
which of the following situations illustrates that a homeostatic mechanism is not operating properly?
a. acute high blood pressure
b. normalized blood glucose levels
c. dailt fluid intake equals dailty fluid output
d. all of these illustrate homestatic mechanisms operating properly
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 38.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 38.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 38.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 38.2 - What are the six major types of connective tissue...Ch. 38.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 38.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 38.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 38 - Which tissue type consisting of sheetlike layers...Ch. 38 - Which of the following is a constant source of...Ch. 38 - A flexible, rubbery protein in connective tissue...
Ch. 38 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 38 - Lifting weights will most increase the size of:...Ch. 38 - Which muscle types appear striated under a...Ch. 38 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 38 - Discuss Concepts Near the time of childbirth,...Ch. 38 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 38 - 15. What effect do you think a program of lifting...Ch. 38 - The regulation of temperature in mammals and birds...Ch. 38 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 38 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Match the body temperature control item to the appropriate location in the negative feedback loop. Effector when variable is low Effector when variable is high Control center Sensor Controlled variable A. Muscles for shivering and goosebumps B. Nerves in skin C. Brain D. Sweat glands E. Temperaturearrow_forwardSweating is an example of variable. It is also an example of negative feedback mechanism. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. First is true, Second is false d. First is false, Second is truearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is True?a. Ectotherms generate most of their body heatmetabolically.b. Ectotherms include birds and mammals.c. Ectotherms experience variable body temperatures.d. Ectotherms are known as “warm-blooded” animals.arrow_forward
- Which of the following rows describes the change in heart rate, blood flow to skin, and glucose storage that would be expected to occur immediately following stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system? Select one: a. Heart Rate Blood Flow to Skin Glucose Storage Increased Increased Decreased b. Heart Rate Blood Flow to Skin Glucose Storage Decreased Decreased Increased c. Heart Rate Blood Flow to Skin Glucose Storage Decreased Decreased Decreased d. Heart Rate Blood Flow to Skin Glucose Storage Increased Increased Increasedarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of negative feedback? A. High blood sugar will increase the viscosity of blood plasma (plasma is concentrated). In response, water is drawn into the plasma from surrounding tissues in order to dilute the plasma B. Breathing rate increases during exercise to provide more oxygen to muscle cells. Heart rate also increase to increase the speed at which the oxygen is delivered. C. During digestion cells in the stomach produce HCl to begin breaking down proteins, the HCl then stimulates the release of pepsin, to continue breaking down proteins. D. In the immune system, antibodies produced by B-cells bind to antigens, which activates other B-cells to produce antibodies of the same kind.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about homeostasis is true? a.The internal environment is maintained absolutely constant. b.Negative feedback mechanisms act to correct deviations from a normal range within the internal environment. c.Homeostasis is maintained by turning effectors on and off. d.All of these are true.arrow_forward
- Heat exchange with the environment depends on the surface area-to-volume ratio of the body. Assuming that the body shape of an animal is at least somewhat spherical, a considerable decrease in body size would _______ the surface area-to-volume ratio, and the ability to exchange heat with the environment would _______. A. increase; increase B. increase; stay about the same C. increase; decrease D. decrease; increase E. decrease; stay about the samearrow_forwardWhat is the most likely homeostatic response to an increase in environmental temperature? A. Blood vesse! Constriction 5. B. Producing sweat C. Shivering and muscle contraction D. Goose bump formation 6. What could happen due to a failure in homeostasis? A. The accumulation of waste products B. The loss of excess water from the body C. Maintaining excess levels of sugar in the body D. All of the above are potential outcomes of failure of homeostasis. 7. Which of the following is true when the body is under homeostasis? A. The body cannot generate its own heat in very cold conditions B. The body is under dynamic equilibrium C. The body is able to self-sustain without anything from the environment D. None of the o' ve *46arrow_forwardWhich one of the following is an example to positive feedback occurring in physiological system that caused large drop in free energy so reaction become irreversible? Select one: a. Blood clothing reaction involving fibrin and fibrinogen b. Enzyme of hexokinase associated with Glycolysis c.Bronchiole constriction in response to some allergens d.a & b e.a & c f.b&c g.a,b & carrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to maintain the body’s internal temperature? A. Fluid has a high capacity for heat, so it requires a great deal of energy to raise its temperature. B. Warmed fluids from the body’s surface return to the body’s core, thus heating the body. C. Fluid acts as a coolant by increasing the blood flow from the warm body core to the peripheral tissue, thus cooling the body. D. Fluid is evaporated as sweat from the skin’s surface, thus cooling the body.arrow_forwardWhich is/are example(s) of negative feedback? Select ALL that apply A. when your body gets too hot, the body starts to sweat, which helps cool you down B. when a pathogen is detected, an immune cell releases cytokines, which signal other cells to release cytokines, increasing the total number released over time C. when too much glucose builds up in the blood, insulin is released so that cells will absorb the glucose D. when you have a cut, platelets activate and work to form a clot, which signals more and more platelets to activate and help form the clotarrow_forwardWhich internal factor must be monitored and adjusted to maintain homeostasis?a. blood pressure b. internal temperature c. blood pH d. all of the abovearrow_forward
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