Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 38, Problem 24RQ
Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis of the muscles, and is used for cosmetic purposes under the name Botox. Which of the following iis the most likely mechanism of action of Botox?
- Botox decreases the production of acetylcholinesterase
- Botox increases calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Botox blocks the ATP binding site in actin
- Botox decreases the release of acetylcholine from motor neurons.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is the effect of the Clostridium botulinum toxin that prevents the muscles from contracting?
Causes irreversible muscle contraction
Stimulates formation of ATP to ADP
Prevents release of Acetylcholine by the motor neurons.
Blocks the actin-binding site of myosin
From the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle).
exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential
injection of botulinum toxin
calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae
acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium
active sites on actin a permanently exposed
dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase
calcium cannot bind troponin
Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect?
1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors
2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules
3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging
5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomere
Chapter 38 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 38 - Figure 38.19 Which of the following statements...Ch. 38 - Figure 38.37 Which of the following statements...Ch. 38 - Figure 38.38 The deadly nerve gas Sarin...Ch. 38 - The forearm consists of the radius and ulna radius...Ch. 38 - The pectoral girdle consists of the: clavicle and...Ch. 38 - All of the following are groups of vertebrae...Ch. 38 - Which of these is a facial bone? frontal occipital...Ch. 38 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 38 - The Haversian canal: is arranged as rods or plates...Ch. 38 - The epiphyseal plate: is arranged as rods or...
Ch. 38 - The cells responsible for bone resorption are...Ch. 38 - Compact bone is composed of trabeculae compacted...Ch. 38 - Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become...Ch. 38 - While assembling a skeleton of a new species, a...Ch. 38 - Synchondroses and symphyses are synovial joints...Ch. 38 - The movement of bone away from the midline of the...Ch. 38 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 38 - The elbow is an example of which type of joint?...Ch. 38 - A high ankle sprain iis an injury caused by over...Ch. 38 - In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on...Ch. 38 - The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called a...Ch. 38 - The muscle relaxes if no new nerve signal arrives....Ch. 38 - The ability of a muscle to generate tension...Ch. 38 - Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis of the...Ch. 38 - What are the major differences between the male...Ch. 38 - What are the major differences between the pelvic...Ch. 38 - Both hydrostatic and exoskeletons can protect...Ch. 38 - Scoliosis is a medical condition where the spine...Ch. 38 - What are the major differences between spongy bone...Ch. 38 - What are the roles of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and...Ch. 38 - Thalidomide was a morning sickness drug given to...Ch. 38 - What movements occur at the hip joint and knees as...Ch. 38 - What movements) occur(s) at the scapulae when you...Ch. 38 - Describe the joints and motions involved in taking...Ch. 38 - How would muscle contractions be affected if ATP...Ch. 38 - What factors contribute to the amount of tension...Ch. 38 - What effect will low blood calcium have on...Ch. 38 - Skeletal muscles can only produce a mechanical...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A rotating space station is said to create "artificial gravity"—a loosely-defined term used for an acceleration...
College Physics
What are four functions of connective tissue?
Anatomy & Physiology
One isomer of methamphetamine is the addictive illegal drug known as crank. Another isomer is a medicine for si...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Raw Oysters and Antacids: A Deadly Mix? The highly acidic environment of the stomach kills most bacteria before...
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Why is an endospore called a resting structure? Of what advantage is an endospore to a bacterial cell?
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Distinguish between microevolution, speciation, and macroevolution.
Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Skeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a. calcium ions b. ATP c. arrival of a nerve impulse d. all of the abovearrow_forwardThe relaxation of skeletal muscle relies on the activity of the _ which decreases cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration. acetylcholine receptor Ca2+ -ATPase pump ryanodine receptor Na*/K* ATPase pumparrow_forwardWhat neurotransmitters/receptors might be effective targets for drugs usedto prevent the muscle spasms characteristic of the disease tetanus?arrow_forward
- What is the effect of adding neurotoxins to the Motor neuron membrane and muscle membrane potentials? Tetrodotoxin (TTX) - Sarin - Botulinum toxin - VX (nerve agent) -arrow_forwardResearchers are working to understand a rare disease that affects the ability of the muscles to contract. They have identified that the disease is caused by abnormal gene expression leading to a relatively large intracellular space between the T-tubules and the terminal cisternae in the triad, which causes an interruption in the connection between the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor and the ryanodine calcium channel. Based on this description of the morphology underlying the disease, which of the following problems would you expect in excitation-contraction coupling? An action potential would not be able to be transmitted down the T-tubule. Re-uptake of calcium would be blocked, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium. O The actin binding sites may continue to be blocked by tropomyosin even following an action potential along the sarcolemma. O All of the above. Only B and C.arrow_forwardYou're hiking, you step on a piece of wood and a protruding rusty nail goes right through your Puma Cydes and into your foot. You start thinking....when was my last tetanus booster shot??? We're not talking about tetanus as defined in our studies of muscle physiology, but pathological tetanus (also known as "lockjaw"). In this condition, bacteria called Clostridia tetani (found in dirt) enter the bloodstream and grow, producing tetanus neurotoxin. The result of this toxin coursing through your bloodstream is causes the prime mover and its antagonist muscle groups (doesn't just have to be muscles of the jaw) to contract at the same time. How does the neurotoxin do that? Knowing all this, and being experts on Human reflex Physiology, do you think your reflexes (like the knee-jerk) would still function if you were suffering from "lock-jaw?"arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT correct regarding muscle contraction? O Ca++ in the sarcoplasm returns to the nucleus to be stored ATP needs to be present for muscle relaxation A neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction ATP needs to be present for muscle contractionarrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly states the importance of an action potential to muscle contration? The SR will only release Ca2+ if it has been electrically stimulated. Sarcomeres require a negative electrical charge to start sliding. Actin and myosin must be electrically charged to create a cross-bridge. ATP cannot be split into ADP and Pi without an action potential.arrow_forwardIn order to study and understand muscle diseases, one needs to have a good understanding of normal muscle function. Briefly outline the process of cross-bridge cycling in muscle contraction. Be sure to highlight the role of Ca2+ and ATP/ADP in the process.arrow_forward
- Which of the following summarizes the role of calcium in muscle contraction? opens the binding sites for cross bridge activity neurotransmitter that initiates the motor impulse for a contraction to occur restabilizes the ion concentration for sustained contractionsarrow_forwardSelect ALL that could cause muscle cramping (a sustained muscle contraction) in skeletal muscle: OHyperexcitability of somatic motor neurons (secreting too much Ach) Botulism poisoning, which prevents Ach secretion from somatic motor neurons O Myasthenia Gravis, in which antibodies block Ach receptors at the motor end plate, preventing Ach from binding O Hypocalcemia, in which the calcium pumps of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are unable to keep Ca2+ inside the SR (allowing Ca2+ to leak into the cytoplasm)arrow_forwardHow does botox decrease muscle tone? inhibits acetylcholinesterase prevents the release of ACh opens SR calcium channels damages lower motor neurons recruits more motor unitsarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
12DaysinMarch, Genital Infections for USMLE Step One; Author: Howard Sachs;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66zR_FypVFQ;License: Standard youtube license