Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 36.1, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason that makes the statement incorrect that open circulatory systems as “primitive” compared with the closed system.
Introduction 
The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood to the whole body. Oxygenated blood transport through arteries from the heart and deoxygenated blood transport through veins to the heart.
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Many objects designed by engineers have “circulatory systems” of one type or another. Describe at least three or four examples. Why do engineers sometimes include systems of flowing fluids in objects they design? We often hear it said that animal systems can teach us how to design engineered systems. If you were a biologist teaching a group of engineers about the lessons of animal circulatory systems, what principles would you emphasize?
Two distinctly different styles of circulatory systems have evolved among animals: open and closed. What is “open” about an open cir-culatory system? Closed systems sometimes are cited as adaptive for actively moving animals with (at least at times) high metabolic de-mand. Can you suggest possible reasons for this assertion?
Many invertebrates utilize the body cavity as a circulatory system. However, in humans, the body cavity plays no role whatsoever in circulation. Why?
Chapter 36 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.2 - Which is false? Platelets are nucleated cells that...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Which of the following statements is false? The...Ch. 36.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.8 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 36 - Prob. 1TYCh. 36 - Prob. 2TYCh. 36 - Prob. 3TYCh. 36 - Prob. 4TYCh. 36 - Considering blood flow through a closed...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6TYCh. 36 - Prob. 7TYCh. 36 - Prob. 8TYCh. 36 - Prob. 9TYCh. 36 - Prob. 10TYCh. 36 - Discuss the difference between closed and open...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 36 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
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- note whether the statements below are consistent with an open or closed circulatory system. The circulating fluid flows in one direction (unidirectionally) through a circulatory loop. The circulating fluid is called hemolymph. Ostia are pores in the heart, important for circulatory function. The circulating fluid is called blood. The circulating fluid remains in vessels as it moves throughout the organism. Is the more efficient type of circulatory system.arrow_forwardThree circulatory systems of vertebrates are represented in the following diagram. Identify to which group of animals each circulatory system belongs and mention the reasons for considering them as such. ↑ Capilares de las branquias Aorta Capilares sanguíneos ↓ Capilares pulmonares Aorta Capilares sanguíneos ↓ Capilares pulmonares Aorta Capilares sanguineosarrow_forwardWhy don't protists (eg. sponges) need circulatory systems? Question 12 options: None of their cells are in contact with their externl environment so that waste can not diffuse out of their bodies. All of their cells are in contact with their external environment so that nutrients and oygen can diffuse into cells. This is a misleading question because all animals have circulatory systems. They are such simple animals that they don't need oxygen.arrow_forward
- Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal? right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation pulmonary vein → left atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit vena cava → right atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuitarrow_forwardWhy is a closed circulatory system more efficient than an open circulatory system?arrow_forwardIn what sense is a homocoel part of the circulatory system?arrow_forward
- When comparing the circulatory systems of vertebrates, indicate whether the following statements are true or false. There is no mixing of oxygenated (high [O2]) and deoxygenated (low [O2]) blood in the ventricle of a fish. #apply Question 9 options: True False The circulatory system of amphibians is more efficient than that of fish because there are two circulatory loops. #analyze Question 10 options: True False The only vertebrates without a hepatic portal venous system connecting the gut to the liver are the fish. #analyze Question 11 options: True False There is no mixing of oxygenated (high [O2]) and deoxygenated (low [O2]) blood in the ventricle of a frog. #apply Question 12 options: True Falsearrow_forwardWhy are the two separate circulatory systems said to be “serially connected”?arrow_forwardIn what 2 ways is an insect's circulatory system different from a vertebrate's circulatory system? (choose 2 answers) Question 14 options: The insect has closed circulatory system. Insects have a tracheal system that delivers oxygen to it's cells directly so it is not associated with the circulatory system. Insects have a tracheal system that delivers oxygen to it's circulatory system. The insect has an open circulatory system instead of one that is closed (as in vertebrates). This means that the circulatory fluid of vertebrates moves much faster than that of insects.arrow_forward
- What is a characteristic of the circulatory systems of arthropods and mollusks that distinguishes them from the circulatory system of echinoderms? They have lungs. They have muscular pumps to circulate the extracellular fluid. They are closed circulatory systems. They have extracellular fluid to transport substances to and from internal organs. They have cilia to circulate the extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardUse this labelled diagram of a human heart & major blood vessels to answer these questions. Which structure is labelled "G"? Aorta • Black arrows indicate direction of blood flow Blue structures contain deoxygenated blood Red structures contain oxygenated blood Cardiac muscle Inferior vena cava Left atrium A- Left ventricle Mitral valve Pulmonary artery Pulmonary valve D- -D Pulmonary veins Right atrium N- Right ventricle M- Superior vena cava G. Tricuspid valve K-arrow_forwardVertebrates, such as humans, have a(n) pathway. pulmonary circulatory lungs The heart pumps blood to the tissues through the circuit. systemic terrestrial The heart pumps blood to the lungs through the circuit. gills one-circuit This type of circulatory pathway is seen in organisms that utilize to breathe air. two-circuitarrow_forward
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The Cardiovascular System: An Overview; Author: Strong Medicine;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wu18mpI_62s;License: Standard youtube license