College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 29, Problem 63PE
(a) If the position of a chlorine ion in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.00
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(a) If the position of a chlorine ion in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.00 μm, what is its minimum uncertainty in velocity, given its mass is 5.86 X 10-26 kg? (b) If the ion has this velocity, what is its kinetic energy in eV, and how does this compare with typical molecular binding energies?
An atom of iron has a radius of
156. pm
and the average orbital speed of the electrons in it is about
×5.7*10^7 m/s.
Calculate the least possible uncertainty in a measurement of the speed of an electron in an atom of iron. Write your answer as a percentage of the average speed, and round it to 2 significant digits.
Suppose the position of a chlorine ion in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 0.75 μm.
a) What is its minimum uncertainty in velocity in meters per second, given its mass is 5.86 × 10-26 kg?
b) If the ion is measured to have a velocity of 8.9 × 103 m/s, what is the uncertainty in its kinetic energy in electron volts?
Chapter 29 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 29 - Give an example of a physical entity that is...Ch. 29 - Give an example of a physical entity that is not...Ch. 29 - What aspect of the blackbody spectrum forced...Ch. 29 - If Planck's constant were large, say 1034 times...Ch. 29 - Why don't we notice quantization in everyday...Ch. 29 - Is visible light the only type of EM radiation...Ch. 29 - Which aspects of the photoelectric effect cannot...Ch. 29 - Is the photoelectric effect a direct consequence...Ch. 29 - Insulators (nonmetals) have a higher BE than...Ch. 29 - If you pick up and shake a piece of metal that has...
Ch. 29 - Why are UV, x rays, and rays called ionizing...Ch. 29 - How can treating food with ionizing radiation help...Ch. 29 - Some television tubes are CRTs. They use an...Ch. 29 - Tanning salons use "safe" UV with a longer...Ch. 29 - Your pupils dilate when visible light intensity is...Ch. 29 - One could feel heat transfer in the form of...Ch. 29 - Can a single microwave photon cause cell damage?...Ch. 29 - In an the maximum photon energy E given by hf=qV....Ch. 29 - Which formula may be used for the momentum of all...Ch. 29 - Is there any measurable difference between the...Ch. 29 - Why don't we feel the momentum of sunlight when we...Ch. 29 - How does the interference of water waves differ...Ch. 29 - Describe one type of evidence for the wave nature...Ch. 29 - Describe one type of evidence for the particle...Ch. 29 - What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? Does...Ch. 29 - In what ways are matter and energy related that...Ch. 29 - A LiBr molecule oscillates with a frequency of...Ch. 29 - The difference in energy between allowed...Ch. 29 - A physicist is watching a 15-kg orangutan at a zoo...Ch. 29 - What is the longest-wavelength EM radiation that...Ch. 29 - Find the longest-wavelength photon that can eject...Ch. 29 - What is the binding energy in eV of electrons in...Ch. 29 - Calculate the binding energy in eV of electrons in...Ch. 29 - What is the maximum kinetic energy in eV of...Ch. 29 - UV radiation having a wavelength of 120 nm falls...Ch. 29 - Violet light of wavelength 400 nm ejects electrons...Ch. 29 - UV radiation having a 300-nm wavelength falls on...Ch. 29 - What is the wavelength of EM radiation that ejects...Ch. 29 - Find the wavelength of photons that eject 0.100-eV...Ch. 29 - What is the maximum velocity of electrons ejected...Ch. 29 - Photoelectrons from a material with a binding...Ch. 29 - A laser with a power output of 2.00 mW at a...Ch. 29 - (a) Calculate the number of photoelectrons per...Ch. 29 - Unreasonable Results Red light having a wavelength...Ch. 29 - Unreasonable Results (a) What is the binding...Ch. 29 - What is the energy in joules and eV of a photon in...Ch. 29 - (a) Find the energy in joules and eV of photons in...Ch. 29 - Calculate the frequency in hertz of a 1.00-MeV ...Ch. 29 - (a) What is the wavelength of a 1.00-eV photon?...Ch. 29 - Do the unit conversions necessary to show that...Ch. 29 - Confirm the statement in the text that the range...Ch. 29 - (a) Calculate the energy in eV of an IP photon of...Ch. 29 - Prove that, to three-digit accuracy,...Ch. 29 - (a) What is the maximum energy in eV of photons...Ch. 29 - What is the accelerating voltage of an x-ray tube...Ch. 29 - (a) What is the ratio of power outputs by two...Ch. 29 - How many photons per second are emitted by the...Ch. 29 - Some satellites use nuclear power. (a) If such a...Ch. 29 - (a) If the power output of a 650-kHz radio station...Ch. 29 - How many x-ray photons per second are created by...Ch. 29 - (a) How far away must you be from a 650-kHz radio...Ch. 29 - Assuming that 10.0% of a 100-W light bulb's energy...Ch. 29 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a laser pen....Ch. 29 - (a) Find the momentum of a 4.00-cm-wavelength...Ch. 29 - (a) What is the momentum of a 0.0100-nm-wavelength...Ch. 29 - (a) What is the wavelength of a photon that has a...Ch. 29 - (a) A -ray photon has a momentum of...Ch. 29 - (a) Calculate the momentum of a photon having a...Ch. 29 - Repeat the previous problem for a...Ch. 29 - (a) Calculate the wavelength of a photon that has...Ch. 29 - (a) Find the momentum of a 100-keV x-ray photon....Ch. 29 - Take the ratio of relativistic rest energy, E=mc2,...Ch. 29 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a space sail...Ch. 29 - Unreasonable Results A car feels a small force due...Ch. 29 - At what velocity will an electron have a...Ch. 29 - What is the wavelength of an electron moving at...Ch. 29 - At what velocity does a proton have a 6.00-fm...Ch. 29 - What is the velocity of a 0.400-kg billiard ball...Ch. 29 - Find the wavelength of a proton moving at 1.00% of...Ch. 29 - Experiments are performed with ultra-cold neutrons...Ch. 29 - (a) Find the velocity of a neutron that has a...Ch. 29 - What is the wavelength of an electron accelerated...Ch. 29 - What is the kinetic energy of an electron in a TEM...Ch. 29 - (a) Calculate the velocity of an electron that has...Ch. 29 - The velocity of a proton emerging from a Van de...Ch. 29 - The kinetic energy of an electron accelerated in...Ch. 29 - Unreasonable Results (a) Assuming it is...Ch. 29 - (a) If the position of an electron in a membrane...Ch. 29 - (a) If the position of a chlorine ion in a...Ch. 29 - Suppose the velocity of an electron in an atom is...Ch. 29 - The velocity of a proton in an accelerator is...Ch. 29 - A relatively long-lived excited state of an atom...Ch. 29 - (a) The lifetime of a highly unstable nucleus is...Ch. 29 - The decay energy of a short-lived particle has an...Ch. 29 - The decay energy of a short-lived nuclear excited...Ch. 29 - What is the approximate uncertainty in the mass of...Ch. 29 - Derive the approximate form of Heisenberg's...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts The 54.0-eV electron in...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts An electron microscope...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts A certain heat lamp emits 200...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts On its high power setting, a...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts (a) Calculate the amount of...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts (a) What is for an electron...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts (a) What is for a proton...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts An electron microscope passes...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts (a) Calculate the velocity of...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts (a) What is the separation...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts A laser with a power output of...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts One problem with x rays is...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts A 1.00-fm photon has a...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts The momentum of light is...Ch. 29 - Integrated Concepts Sunlight above the Earth's...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- By measuring the go-and-return time for a laser pulse to travel from an Earth-bound observatory to a reflector on the Moon, it is possible to measure the separation between these bodies. (a) What is the predicted value of this time? (b) The separation can be measured to a precision of about 15 cm. To what uncertainty in travel time does this correspond? (c) If the laser beam forms a spot on the Moon 3 km in diameter, what is the angular divergence of the beam?arrow_forwardIf a proton has an uncertainty in its velocity of 5.90 × 10⁻⁴ m/s, what is the uncertainty (in meters) in its position?arrow_forward(a) If the position of an electron in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.00 µm , what is the electron’s minimum uncertainty in velocity? (b) If the electron has this velocity, what is its kinetic energy in eV? (c) What are the implications of this energy, comparing it to typical molecular binding energies?arrow_forward
- Consider the problem of using laser light to measure the distance from the Earth to the moon. (a) What is the maximum uncertainty in timing the round trip for a light pulse in order to determine the distance with an uncertainty of 1 meter? (b) Estimate the effect of the Earth’s atmosphere on this experiment, using the fact that the speed of light in air (at sea level) is slower than the speed of light in vacuum by a factor of 1.0003. Assume an 8-km-high atmosphere of uniform sea-level density.arrow_forwardAn atom is in an excited state for 4.00 us before moving back to the ground state. Find the approximate uncertainty in energy of the photon in units of 10¹¹ eV. (A) 8.23 (B) 3.78 (C) 4.97 (D) 5.49 (E) 6.17arrow_forwardSuppose a laser pulse has an average duration of 5.00 femtoseconds and an average energy of 1.81 eV, and it has an uncertainty of 13.8%. What is the highest energy you can observe for a photon in the pulse? (in eV)arrow_forward
- (a) If the position of an electron in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.00 μm , what is the electron’s minimum uncertainty in velocity? (b) If the electron has this velocity, what is its kinetic energy in eV? (c) What are theimplications of this energy, comparing it to typical molecular binding energies?arrow_forward(a) The x-coordinate of an electron is measured with an uncer- tainty of 0.30 mm. What is the x-component of the electron’s velocity, vx, if the minimum percent uncertainty in a simultaneous measurement of vx is 1.0%? (b) Repeat part (a) for a proton.arrow_forwardA. If the position of a chlorine ion in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 1.50 µm, what is its minimum uncertainty in velocity (in m/s), given its mass is 5.86 10-26 kg? B. If the ion has this velocity, what is its kinetic energy in eV? (Compare this with typical molecular binding energies of about 5 eV.)arrow_forward
- An excited atom gives up its excited energy by emitting a photon. The average period that elapses between the excitation of an atom and the time it radiates is 5 x 10-9sec. Find the corresponding uncertainty in the frequency of the photon.arrow_forwardConsider an oxygen (O2) molecule in a bottle of air. Imagine that at a certain time, we locate the molecule along the x axis to within an uncertainty of 0.1 nanometers. a) What is the minimum uncertainty in the molecule's x-velocity required by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? (Hint: the answer is about 10 m/s) b) How does this compare (roughly) to the magnitude of the molecule's average x-velocity due to its thermal motion at room temperature? (Hint: the answer is delta v << average thermal speed) (Hint: Avogadro's number of oxygen molecules has a mass of about 32 grams. At an absolute temperature T, a molecule has an average kinetic energy of 1.5 * kB * T, where kB is Boltzmann's constant. Room temperature is about 295 K).arrow_forwardIf the position of an electron in a membrane is measured to an accuracy of 3.58 µm, what is the electron's minimum uncertainty in velocity (in m/s)? a) If the electron has this velocity, what is its kinetic energy in eV? b) What are the implications of this energy, comparing it to typical molecular binding energies?arrow_forward
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