(a)
Interpretation:
The conversion of rate of energy expenditure from
Concept introduction:
The set of complex compounds which are responsible for migration of the electrons from the electron donors to the acceptors of the electrons with help of the
Answer to Problem 17P
The conversion of rate of energy expenditure from
Explanation of Solution
The given rate of energy expenditure corresponding to a
The conversion of watt into kilojoules per second is done below.
So, the value of rate of energy expenditure in kilojoules per second becomes
The conversion of watt into kilocalories per second is done below.
So, the value of rate of energy expenditure in kilocalories per second becomes
Therefore, the value of rate of energy expenditure, that is
(b)
Interpretation:
The total number of electrons which flows through the mitochondrial electron-transport chain per second under the mentioned conditions is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The set of complex compounds which are responsible for migration of the electrons from the electron donors to the acceptors of the electrons with help of the redox reactions is known as electron transport chain. This electron transport chain also helps in the coupling of transferred electrons with protons transfer inside and outside the cell membrane.
Answer to Problem 17P
The total number of electrons which flows through the mitochondrial electron-transport chain per second under the mentioned conditions is
Explanation of Solution
The given rate of energy expenditure corresponding to a
According to the unit concept, one watt equals to one ampere as watt is used for the measurement of current flow. The half-reactions that takes place during the mitochondrial electron-transport chain is given below.
So, the total potential difference of the two half-reactions is
The relation between watt
Substitute the value of watt and volt in the above expression.
As
Therefore, the total number of electrons which flows through the mitochondrial electron-transport chain per second is
(c)
Interpretation:
The corresponding rate of ATP production is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other processes of cells is known adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
Answer to Problem 17P
The corresponding rate of ATP production is
Explanation of Solution
The given rate of energy expenditure corresponding to a
The relation between the total numbers of electrons moving through electron transport chain and the total number of ATP molecules produced is that
Thus, the total number of ATP molecules produced by
The molar concentration of ATP molecules is calculated by the expression given below.
Substitute number of molecules and Avogadro’s number in above formula.
Therefore, the corresponding rate of ATP production is
(d)
Interpretation:
The total time in which an ATP molecule turns over in a person at rest is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other processes of cells is known adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
Answer to Problem 17P
The total time in which an ATP molecule turns over in a person at rest is
Explanation of Solution
The total given ATP content of the body is
The rate of ATP production is
The molar mass of ATP is
The mass of ATP is calculated by the expression given below.
Substitute the value of moles and molar mass of TAP in the above expression.
The conversion of
Therefore, the mass of ATP becomes,
The total time for ATP turn over is calculated by dividing the given mass of TAP content in body with
Therefore, the total time in which an ATP molecule turns over in a person at rest is
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Long explanations are NOT NEEDED. ATP accounting. Consider 1 molecule of the sucrose (monomeric units: glucose and fructose) that will undergo complete oxidation. d. Number of NADH and FADH2 produced from Krebs cycle.e. Net ATP produced (complete oxidation via Malate aspartate shuttle).arrow_forwardFollowing glycolysis. Most of the energy from the original glucose is in the form of: O A. high-energy electrons that are associated with electron carriers. О В. АТР О С. Н20 D. CO2 O E. pyruvic or lactic acid A Moving to another question will save this response.arrow_forwardFo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase (lecture 22). The enzyme has 3 a-b and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains Df=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available (from the proton electrochemical gradient) for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)? What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? Remember that full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.arrow_forward
- molecule of ATP. O False O True The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP, AGo, is approximately-7300 cal/mol for each of the two terminal phosphate groups. True O Falsearrow_forwardFo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase . The enzyme has 3 alpha-beta and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains change in membrane potential=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. . What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.arrow_forwardThe Cori Cycle. Before vigorous exercise (at rest) the level of blood lactate is at its normal level (about 25 mM). During a 400 m sprint, the value rises sharply in less than a few minutes to about 200 mM and then declines slowly to around 40 mM over 60 mins after the sprint. a. Discuss (or illustrate) the pathway and reactions that cause the rapid increase in lactate concentration during the sprint. b. What causes the slow decline in lactate concentration after the sprint? Why does the decrease occur more slowly than the rapid increase? c. What enzymatic reaction is responsible for maintaining the lactate concentration above zero at recovery after the sprint?arrow_forward
- Help is appreciated. Think of an unusual eukaryotic species in which its ATP synthase has 12 subunits for its c ring. How many ATP molecules can be produced per pair of electrons that traverse the respiratory chian starting at Complex I? A. 2 ATP/2e- B. 1 ATP/2e- C. 0.5 ATP/2e- D. 1.5 ATP/2e- E. 3 ATP/2e-arrow_forwardAdditional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asaparrow_forwardBIOCHEMISTRY. Could glycerol be used to regenerate the OAA for maintenance of TCA cycle activity? Yes or No? Explain.arrow_forward
- Take a deep breath and relax. The oxygen that you breathe in is directly consumed by the _____ in the ______. Select one: a. cytochrome oxidase complex, electron transport chain b. NADH reductase complex, electron transport chain c. an iron-containing ubiquinone protein, electron transport chain d. NADH reductase complex, Kreb’s Cycle e. Cytochrome oxidase comples, Kreb’s Cycle Clear my choicearrow_forwardUse your knowledge of fat metabolism. glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and axidative phosphorylation to determine how many molecules of ATP eauvalents are produced when glycerol undergoes biochemical combustion. Assume that each molecule of NADH produces 2.5 ATP and that each molecule of FADH2 produces 1.5 molecules of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. Note that GTP is an ATp "equivalent." OA 14.5 OB. 17 OC. 19.5 OD. 20.5arrow_forwardRespiratory quotient (RQ). This classic metabolic index is defined as the volume of CO2CO2 released divided by the volume of 0202 consumed. Vo a. Calculate the RQ values for the complete oxidation of glucose and of tripalmitoylglycerol. b. What do RQ measurements reveal about the contributions of different energy sources during intense exercise? (Assume that protein degradation is negligible.)arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning