Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25.7, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
Cytolytic exotoxins (cytotoxins) are the group of toxins that damage the cell membrane leading to lyses and death of the cell. Cytotoxins are also referred as hemolysins because their activity can be detected in red blood cells (erythrocytes). Superantigens are produced by different strains of gram positive bacteria. Superantigen exotoxins poisoning can even lead to toxic shock syndrome.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - What event is required but not sufficient to cause...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.3 - What are virulence factors? How can the LD50 test...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.6 - What key features are shared by all AB exotoxins?Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.7 - QDistinguish between the mechanism of cytotoxins...Ch. 25.8 - What part of the Escherichia coli cell contains...Ch. 25.8 - Why is it necessary to test for endotoxin in water...Ch. 25.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25 - Coagulase is a virulence factor for Staphylococcus...Ch. 25 - Although mutants incapable of producing exotoxins...
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- Describe the four steps in a lytic phage infection.arrow_forwardDescribe three different ways in which exotoxins can be transported from a human pathogenic bacterium into a host celarrow_forwardExplain the process of Quorum Sensing in coordinating the production of virulence factors in a host.arrow_forward
- How can activity of a hemolytic exotoxin be detected?arrow_forwardDescribe the differences in bacterial endotoxin and bacterial exotoxins with respect to mode of action, signs and symptoms, and body’s response to these toxins. What would you say is the logical reason bacteria make toxins?arrow_forwardPathogenic infections induce damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms. While many mechanisms are direct effects of the pathogen, some damaging mechanisms result from the immune response to the infection. Examples of damage caused by the host immune response are: a) Exotoxin production, endotoxin b) Cell-mediated inmunity, direct cytopathic effect c) Endotoxin, inmmunune complexes d) Direct cythopathic effect, endotoxin e) Cell-mediated inmunity, inmmunune complexesarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the lytic vs. the lysogenic cycle.arrow_forwardEndotoxin is associated witha) Gram-positive bacteria.b) Gram-negative bacteria.c) the cytoplasmic membrane.d) endospores.arrow_forwardWhat cells inside our bodies would be affected if you ingested a suspension of T4 phage? Describe and explain the difference in results if Staphylococcus aureus were used instead of Escherichia coli.arrow_forward
- Describe the endocytic pathway in general termsarrow_forwardBelow are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)arrow_forwardWhat part of the Escherichia coli cell contains endotoxin?arrow_forward
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