Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25.3, Problem 1MQ
What are virulence factors? How can the LD50 test be used to define virulence of a pathogen?
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - What event is required but not sufficient to cause...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.3 - What are virulence factors? How can the LD50 test...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.6 - What key features are shared by all AB exotoxins?Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 25.7 - QDistinguish between the mechanism of cytotoxins...Ch. 25.8 - What part of the Escherichia coli cell contains...Ch. 25.8 - Why is it necessary to test for endotoxin in water...Ch. 25.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 25 - Coagulase is a virulence factor for Staphylococcus...Ch. 25 - Although mutants incapable of producing exotoxins...
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- Which of the following virulence factors among A-D is correctly matched with its definition or characterization? A) O Invasins: pathogen proteins that prevent opsonization of the pathogen B) O Phase variation: allows pathogen to switch between different forms of an extracellular antigen (e.g., flagellum) C) O Protein A. a microbial factor that allows for attachment, typically a surface protein or surface glycoprotein D) O Prevention of lysosome:phagosome fusion mechanism employed by an extracellular pathogen E) OM protein, Opa protein: enzymes that interfere with the functioning of antibodiesarrow_forwardDiscuss the following virulence factors: collagenase, hemolysin, siderophore. For each, explain the molecules involved, the pathogen-host interaction, and name a species and disease associated with each factor.arrow_forwardWhat is epidemiology? there are several ways pathogens can be transmitted including direct contact, indirect contact, via respiratory droplets, vehicle, and through a vector. Describe each mode IN DETAIL and give an example of a pathogen that can be transmitted each way.arrow_forward
- 14) When considering virulence factors, which class of virulence factor would be most likely to increase the severity of disease caused by the pathogen possessing the virulence factor, due to this class of virulence factor most likely causing the death of cells? A) extracellular enzymes C) anti-phagocytic factors B) toxins D) adherence factors 15) Which of the following classes of virulence factor is absolutely needed for nearly every infection? In fact, if the organism lacks this factor, it is most likely going to be avirulent (not disease-causing). A) extracellular enzyme B) adherence factor D) anti-phagocytic factor C) exotoxin 16) Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron? A) ferritin B) siderophores C) hemolysin D) transferrin 17) The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to A) attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. B) triggering release of interferons. C) triggering inflammation. D) triggering…arrow_forwardWhat are the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi? Explain each factors in simple terms.arrow_forwardThe parents of a 3-day-old male neonate are concerned by their child's condition. The child is irritable, has fever and blisters over most of his body, and peeling skin as seen in the attached image. Which of the following virulence factors produced by the most likely causal agent is responsible for this condition? Answers A - E A Alpha-Toxin B Beta hemolysin C Exfoliative toxin D Pyrogenic exotoxin E Toxic shock syndrome toxin O Question #6 attachment O .0arrow_forward
- What are the signs of the pathogens? Define and give examples.arrow_forwardWhy is it only necessary to include the exotoxin (in toxoid form) in vaccines for tetanus and botulism?arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of amplifying P. aeruginosa and B. cereus virulence genes exoS/exoT and nheA/hblC, respectively. What are the functions of these virulence genes.arrow_forward
- Given that there is currently no cure for mad cow disease, what is likely to be the most effective action to reduce its transmission?arrow_forwardInfection rates for many STIs continue to be highest among young people (typically defined as around 15–24 years old). What are some reasons for this? What would you recommend to increase prevention or encourage testing or treatment among this group?arrow_forwardWhich statements are an example of a virulence factor? Mark those that are example.arrow_forward
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