BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23.5, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To determine: Thephylogenetic analysis that can help identify patterns of disease transmission.
Introduction: The genetic differences between species can be evaluated in a very direct manner by examining the footprints of evolutionary path between different species. The genome projects allow tracing the human and other organisms’ evolutionary patterns.
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In thinking about the clinical application of phylogenetics, discuss the role of phylogenetics in these areas.
a) Predictions of drug resistance
b) Identifying the origin of an outbreak
c)Predicting the spread of a disease
Briefly discuss the different methods of taxonomic identification, namely: (1) expert determination, (2) recognition, (3) comparison, and (4) use of keys and similar devices.
The number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe.
A) True
B) False
C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used.
D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- Briefly describe differences among the distance approach, the maximum parsimony approach, and the maximum likelihood approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardDescribe how phylogenetic information can be applied to problems in other disciplines.arrow_forwardDescribe at least one reason that the traditional phylogenetic tree model may require modification.arrow_forward
- Look at the three phylogenetic trees below. Assume that each one is modeling the evolution of populations of a single virus over 50 years. Based on the trees, which population (A, B, or C) probably has the greatest amount of genetic diversity? Explain yourarrow_forwardHow is molecular data being utilized in phylogenetic reconstruction?arrow_forwardBeyond the Biological sciences, can other disciplines utilize the methods of phylogenetic systematics? please explainarrow_forward
- Describe the two methods that are used to identify similarity between species when creating phylogenetic trees.arrow_forwardThe approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? 2) A) Morphological species concept B) Biological species conceptC) Subspecies concept D) Phylogenetic species concept Then explain why the answer is correct and the rest are inccorect.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between traditional and molecular approaches to taxonomy.arrow_forward
- Outline the general considerations used in building a phylogenetic treearrow_forwardWhich statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees? a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarilyarrow_forwardWhich of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic trees? 1) The branch lengths on the tree are scaled to molecular (DNA) changes and/or time. 2)Phylogenetic trees have shown us that there is much more bacterial diversity compared to eukaryotes. 3) Phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. 4). The branch lengths on the tree depict abiotic and biotic factors affecting speciation.arrow_forward
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8C - How to do genetic analysis; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIa7nPyGn4s;License: CC-BY