Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether people as well as plants can be a victim of fungal attack.
Introduction:
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The Armillaria fungus species that grew to massive size inOregon harms trees in the forests it inhabits. As the fungusfeeds on roots, it causes “root rot” that weakens or kills trees.This root rot provides aboveground evidence of Armillaria’sexistence; the giant Oregon specimen was first identified byexamining aerial photos to find forested areas with many deadtrees. Can people, as well plants, be victims of fungal attack?
Health professionals refer to fungal skin diseases as “tineas” and name them according to the region affected (TABLE 23.1). Fungal skin diseases are persistent, in part because fungi can penetrate deeper layers of skin than can ointments and creams. There are fewer antifungal drugs than antibacterial ones, and antifungals often have more severe side effects. Reflect on the evolutionary relationships among bacteria, fungi, and humans. Why it is harder to fight fungi than bacteria?
The black spot fungus is known to attack roses in humid climates. Initially, small black spots appear on the leaves. The entire plant can die if not treated. From this information, what is mostly the main cause of the demise?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.3 - Fossil evidence suggests an important link between...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2CYL
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 23.4 - explain how fungi affect agriculture?Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.4 - describe the role of fungi in the production of...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 23 - Prob. 1MCCh. 23 - Which of the following diseases is not caused by a...Ch. 23 - A symbiotic association of plant roots and fungi...Ch. 23 - The alcohol in beer and wine is a by-product of...Ch. 23 - __________ is an ecologically important function...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 1RQCh. 23 - Prob. 2RQCh. 23 - Prob. 3RQCh. 23 - Prob. 4RQCh. 23 - Prob. 5RQCh. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Describe how a fairy ring of mushrooms is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8RQCh. 23 - Prob. 1ACCh. 23 - Prob. 2AC
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- A more recent threat to tree survival is a fungus in the genus Phytophthora which can kill full-grown trees. Studies indicate that the fungus can arrive via footwear of hikers. What is a possible solution to reduce fungus arrival or prevent the fungus on footwear from reaching the trees?arrow_forwardDescribe the structure and function of lignin in the plant cell wall. Describe the general outline of lignin decomposition among fungi. Differentiate between the three major types of wood rots and the organisms responsible for each.arrow_forwardMany fungal infections of humans are considered to be opportunistic, meaning that fungi that are normally free-living (usually in soil) can sometimes survive, and even thrive, on or inside the human body. From the fungal “point of view,” what unique challenges would be encountered when trying to survive on human skin? What about inside human lungs?arrow_forward
- While working in a plant disease diagnostic lab, you receive a sample of a very dead tomato plant. The plant has rotted roots and the symptoms match known fungal and oomycete diseases of tomatoes. Explain one difference between true fungi and oomycetes that you could observe to determine what type of organism is killing the tomatoes?arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. 1)If the fungus that produced the fairy ring can also produce arbuscules, then which of the following is most likely to be buried at location "B"? a. cement-capped well b. deceased animal c. tree stump d. fire pit 2) Assume that all four locations are 0.5 meters above the surface, rather than below. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from right…arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Which location (A-D) is nearest to the basidiocarps? ___ What is the most probable location (A-D) of the youngest portion of this mycelium? ___arrow_forward
- An apple farmer notices that some of the trees in his orchard have a fungus on them and those trees have necrotic ring spots typically associated with a viral infection. The trees that don't have fungus appear to be healthy. What is the most likely conclusion the farmer can make here?arrow_forwardThe ascomycete fungus that causes chestnut blight and has killed an estimated 4 billion chestnut trees in North America was accidentally imported from Asia. Why are plants particularly vulnerable to fungi imported from other regions? How do the plants in Asia protect themselves against ascomycete fungus so they are not affected?arrow_forwardMycorrhizal fungus are found in association with most plant species. Describe the nature of this relationship, including the benefits for both organisms.arrow_forward
- keratinase is an enzyme produced by dermatophytes. which organs in the body would these pathogens fungi tend to proliferate in, and why?arrow_forwardMycorrhizal fungi live in the soil and interact with the roots of plants. Essentail nutrients (e.g. nitrogenous compounds) are taken from the soil by the fungi and transferred to the plant roots. The fungi extract carbohydrates from the plant roots. What type of interaction is occurring?arrow_forwardATS Canvas Support Identify whether each of the statements is an Observation or a Hypothesis to explain an observation. Golden toads laid their eggs in shallow pools of water between the roots of cloud forest trees. Golden toad tadpoles lived in shallow pools of water on the cloud forest floor before developing into toadlets. Over warm ocean water, clouds form higher in the atmosphere. Golden toads had highly specialized reproductive habitat. Golden toads were found only in the cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica. The fossil record and current trends show that highly specialized species with small populations and narrow ranges are highly susceptible to extinction. Spring 1987 was the driest spring on record for Monteverde. All the golden toad tadpoles might have died during the spring of 1987 because their pools dried up before the young could lead a fully terrestrial life. The drier conditions at Monteverde in 1987 might have been caused by clouds forming higher in the atmosphere,…arrow_forward
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