Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.3, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
A plant and bacterial symbiosis have greater importance to humans in terms of leguminous plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria. Leguminous plants are flowering and seed bearing plants, which are agriculturally important. The members of leguminous plants include clover, soybeans, peas, alfalfa, and beans. These leguminous crops are considered as the key commodities for agriculture and food industries.
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Which of the following explains why pea plants in high soil nitrogen conditions have
so few rhizobial nodules on their roots?
When there is already high soil nitrogen there is a very large cost to having
rhizobial nodules.
The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules fix nitrogen when there isn't enough in the
soil, so when there is already high soil nitrogen there is no advantage for the pea
plant to expend the extra energy housing the rhizobia.
The rhizobia bacteria in the nodules use nitrogen when there isn't enough in the
soil, so in conditions of high soil nitrogen the plant tries to exclude the rhizobia
to keep the nitrogen for itself.
When there is already high soil nitrogen there is no benefit to the plant to
having rhizobial nodules, which can rob the plant of the high nitrogen supplies
so that the rhizobia bacteria do not have to fix the nitrogen themselves.
What does Rhizobium get from its host legume? What does the legume get from its Rhizobium?
How are root hairs adapted for nutrient absorption in soil?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - What two microbes form a partnership in the lichen...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 23.2 - What is the evidence that "Chlorochromatium...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.2 - How might nutrients be shuttled between phototroph...Ch. 23.2 - QWhat mechanisms do the consortia use to orient at...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.3 - What is a bacteroid and what occurs within it?...
Ch. 23.3 - What are the major similarities and differences...Ch. 23.3 - QDescribe the steps in the development of root...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.4 - How do mycorrhizal fungi promote plant diversity?Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.5 - How do the vir genes differ from T-DNA in the Ti...Ch. 23.5 - How has an understanding of crown gall disease...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.6 - What are the consequences of symbiont genome...Ch. 23.6 - How could it be determined if a symbiont and its...Ch. 23.6 - QHow is it possible for aphids to feed only on the...Ch. 23.7 - How are anoxic conditions maintained in the...Ch. 23.7 - Why does reductive acetogenesis predominate over...Ch. 23.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 23.7 - QHow do the microbial communities of higher and...Ch. 23.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.8 - How is the correct bacterial symbiont selected in...Ch. 23.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.9 - What are the similarities of the obligate...Ch. 23.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 23.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 23.10 - What evidence suggest that the nematodes and their...Ch. 23.10 - What prevents other bacteria from colonizing the...Ch. 23.10 - QWhy are entomopathogenic nematodes so attractive...Ch. 23.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.11 - What are the two mechanisms of Symbiodinium...Ch. 23.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 23.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 23.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 23.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 23.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 23.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 23.13 - QGive an example of a single microbial species...Ch. 23 - Imagine that you have discovered a new animal that...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2AQ
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- In a practice known as crop rotation, farmers alternate a crop of legumes (plants like beans, whose roots bear nodules containing Rhizobium) with a crop of non- legumes. What is the benefit of this practice?arrow_forwardBlack spot fungus is a disease that is known to attack roses in humid climates. At first, small black spots appear on the leaves. If left untreated, the entire plant can die. From this information, what is mostly the main cause of the demise? a) The plants’ cells are unable to carry out aerobic respiration. b) The leaves are unable to manufacture enough sugar to maintain the health of the plant. c) The roots are unable to absorb enough water. d) The stems are unable to support the plant.arrow_forwardWhy do nitrogen-fixing bacteria induce formation of root nodules?arrow_forward
- How is rhizotron used in plant physiology?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a way in which antifungaldrugs are effective?(a) They interfere with nucleic acid synthesis.(b) They increase plasma membrane permeability causingexcessive leakiness of essential substances.(c) They can impair the mitotic spindle apparatus.(d) They can induce mycorrhizae production.(e) None of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is false about the image below? A) The cells are part of plant ground tissue B) The cells are parenchyma cells. C) The cells provide flexible support. D) The cells would be a site of starch storage if they were in the roots 373arrow_forward
- Define the following terms ? A.) root hair B.) root caparrow_forwardWhat is a mycorrhizal association? What benefit does the plant derive from the association?arrow_forwardWhat are the two types of mechanical, nonconducting sclerenchyma? Which tends to be flexible and useful in wood? Which tends to be brittle and inflexible, useful in “pits” and “stones” that protect seeds?arrow_forward
- Compare the leaf structure of Nerium to Ligustrum. Look for stomata. Where are they located? On the upper or lower leaf surface? How is the surface of the leaf modified? Can you recognize why these leaves are said to have “sunken stomata”? Look for “hairs” on the leaf surface. Where are they located? How are they advantageous? How does the appearance of each tissue layer in Nerium differ from Ligustrum? Compare the upper epidermis to the lower epidermis. Compare the amount of cuticle.arrow_forwardWhat is pericarp?arrow_forwardIf it were possible to increase nitrogen transport from rhizobia in root nodules to any part of soybean plants, what implications would this have for agriculture and food?arrow_forward
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