Concept explainers
To determine: The Hardy-Weinberg equation (relation between alleles and genotype frequencies) for gene that exists in three alleles designated by A1, A2, and A3 in population in which A1, A2, and A3 is represented by p, q, and r respectively.
Introduction: The Hardy-Weinberg equation represents a mathematical model in which a single gene exists in two different forms of alleles represented by p and q. This equation is derived from the fact that at the time of fertilization, alleles combine randomly when diploid offspring are produced.
To determine: The genotype frequencies of A2A2 homozygotes and A2A3 heterozygotes.
Introduction: The Hardy-Weinberg equation represents a mathematical model in which a single gene exists in two different forms of alleles represented by p and q. This equation is derived from the fact that at the time of fertilization, alleles combine randomly when diploid offspring are produced.
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Biology
- EXERCISE 5 MENDELIAN TRAITS IN HUMANS 1 While most human traits are polygenic, the traits in the chart below have traditionally been considered Mendelian traits. More recent research has disputed the single-gene nature of some of these traits, but for the purpose of this exercise, assume that the following traits are Mendelian. Work with a partner to help each other determine your own phenotypes and possible genotypes for these traits. Write your answers in the chart. (Note: Refer to the table on p. 62 for information about these traits.) Mendelian Trait Cleft Chin (Dominant) Freckles (Dominant) Attached Earlobes (Recessive) Hitchhiker's Thumb (Recessive) Widow's Peak (Dominant) Your Your Possible Phenotype Genotype(s)arrow_forwardALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN Problem 3) Butterflies show 3 phenotypes due to incomplete dominance at the D locus with alleles D' and DB giving green phenotype in heterozygotes and yellow and blue in homozygotes a) A population of butterflies showed 49% yellow, and 51% blue and green. What percentage of the gametes for the next generation would contain the DB allele? b) In another population only 1% of the butterflies are blue, What is the DY allele frequency? c) If the butterflies were subject to predation by birds that could easily detect blue & yellow individuals what effect would you expect this to have on the genotype and allele frequencies over time? Indicate possible percentages.arrow_forwardHardy-Weinberg Problems Please be sure to SHOW ALL WORK in order to get credit. This assignment will be graded for accuracy. *Hint: Remember what p and q represent. Determine first if I am asking for allele frequency or genotype/phenotype frequency. Then determine which equation is appropriate. What does p and q represent in the equations? Which equation do you use if I am asking for allele frequency? If the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.1, what is the frequency of the dominant allele? If the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.4, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? If the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.6, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype? If the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is 0.81, what is the frequency of the recessive allele? If the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype is 0.25, what is the frequency of the dominant allele? If the frequency of the…arrow_forward
- Classical Genetics Group Practice Problems Practice Problems 1. In guinea pigs, black fur is dominant to white fur. Assign a symbol for each allele: black = white = Use a Punnett square to determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for each of the following crosses. Show all work. a) P: heterozygous black X white b) P: heterozygous black X heterozygous blackarrow_forwardAsaparrow_forwardCorn lab: Part 2 For this second week, count the phenotypes for each corn kernels. Deduct the genotypes of the parents, F1 and F2. In this series, epistasis plays a role if the phenotypic expression of the corn kernels. Serie C (C1) Fot 1- What are the phenotypes and their frequencies? (hint: you should find a ratio 13:3) 2- What are the potential variant genes involved? What are the parental genotypes? Draw the pathway with the genotypes. 3- What type of epistasis is it? 4- Under the pathway described, how many expected phenotypes are there? 5- Does a chi-square test agree with your hypothesis?arrow_forward
- Problem #1 In rabbits, short hair (S) is dominant over lang hair (s). What genotype and phenotype ratios are expected from a cross between two heterozygous shorthaired rabbits? P X Genotypic Ratio: Phenotypic Ratio:arrow_forwardInstructions: Answer the following problem using the punett square and identify its Genotypic ratio and Phenotypic ratio. 1. A homozygous round-seeded plant (RR) is crossed with a homozygous wrinkle-seeded plant (rr). What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of their offspring? Genotypic Ratio Phenotypic Ratio- 2. A heterozygous green-colored pod (Gg) is crossed with a yellow-colored pod (gg). Predict the Genotypic and Phenotypic ratio of their offspring. Genotypic Ration Phenotypic Rationarrow_forwardActivity E: Predicting the outcome of a dihybrid cross The resulting phenotypic ratios in the F₂ generation of a dihybrid cross (2 traits) can be quite different than those observed from a monohybrid cross, but the process is essentially the same. First, you list all possible gametes each parent and subsequent parents can produce. Second, you then assign the gametes to a Punnett square and fill it in. Finally, you count the progeny and determine the number of progeny in each phenotypic category. Remember, when determining the types of gametes possible, each gamete must have one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes. This means there needs to be one copy of every gene. For example, if you are considering a T gene (ability to taste PTC) and an F gene (let's say earwax texture- wet earwax is dominant and dry earwax is recessive), each gamete must have one allele for the T gene (either T or t) and one allele for the F gene (either For f).arrow_forward
- Lab Exercises: In these exercises, you will learn to use the Punnett square to determine geno- typic and phenotypic outcomes for monohybrid, dihybrid, incomplete, codominant, epistatic, and sex-linked traits. Exercise #1: Monohybrid Crosses A male with blue eyes has a child with a homozygous dominant brown-eyed female. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? 1. Genotype rahio R RR Rr Phenoty pe vatio Rr Y FEx PT A male offspring from above has four children with his heterozygous brown-eyed wife. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? What are the genotypic Rt 2. and phenotypic ratios? Y RR IRr K r Rr Yr 3. A heterozygous brown-eyed male has four children with his blue-eyed wife. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? What are the genotypic and pheno- typic ratios? 120arrow_forwardPLEASE explain how to do this question step by tspe i am very confused! thank you! You have three independent mutant alleles in the Drosophila gene no legs (nlg): nlg1, nlg2, and nlg3. You assay the phenotype of Drosophila, which is an insect, that are heterozygous for the three allele (heterozygous for a wild-type and a mutant allele), and that are homozygous for the three alleles. Allele nlg1 nlg2 nlg3 heterozygous Wild-type Four pairs of legs Wild-type homozygous Stumpy legs Five pairs of legs No legs nlg1 is a ___X___ allele, nlg2 is a ___Y___ allele, and nlg3 is a ___Z___ allele. X Y Z A Gain of function Null Hypomorphic B Hypomorphic Gain of function Null C Null Gain of function Hypomorphic D Null Hypomorphic Gain of function E Hypomorphic Null Gain of function Referencing the table above, select the correct answer: 1 : A 2 : B 3 : C 4 : D 5 : E Correct answer is Barrow_forwardselect whcih ic correct When 2 wildtype alleles are on the same parental chromosome, this is known as [Combined or Coupling or dispersed or heterozygous or Repulsion] . In sharp contrast [Combined or Coupling or dispersed or heterozygous or Repulsion] is when 1 wildtype allele and 1 mutant allele are on the same parental chromosomearrow_forward
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