21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 22.4, Problem 22.4CYU
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The cosmic "dark ages" represent that time in the history of the universe
when:
the inflation of a singularity in the first trillionth of a trillionth of a second of
time when matter and energy were interchangeable and darkness prevailed
atoms of H and He had not formed yet, so the dark ages represent the time
just before the release of the cosmic microwave background
dark energy came into being around 5 to 6 billion years ago, accelerating the
expansion of the universe
the light of the cosmic microwave background began to dim and stars and
galaxies had yet to form
photons of light energy were trapped within a plasma of H and He nuclei and
loose electrons, creating a foggy, opaque universe
MacBook Air
Explain Fermi Paradox?
Assume a flat FRW universe, dominated by radiation throughout its history. Calculate the physical, cosmological horizon size at t=t_0 The initial conditions for the scale factor are a=a_0 at t=t0(today). Which asnwer is correct;
a)R_H=2a_0ct_0
b) R_H = 3a_0ct_0
c)R_H = ct_0
d) R_H=2ct_0
Chapter 22 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 22.1CYUCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2CYUCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3CYUCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.4CYUCh. 22.5 - Prob. 22.5CYUCh. 22 - Prob. 1QPCh. 22 - Prob. 2QPCh. 22 - Prob. 3QPCh. 22 - Prob. 4QPCh. 22 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 22 - Prob. 6QPCh. 22 - Prob. 7QPCh. 22 - Prob. 8QPCh. 22 - Prob. 9QPCh. 22 - Prob. 10QPCh. 22 - Prob. 11QPCh. 22 - Prob. 12QPCh. 22 - Prob. 13QPCh. 22 - Prob. 14QPCh. 22 - Prob. 15QPCh. 22 - Prob. 16QPCh. 22 - Prob. 17QPCh. 22 - Prob. 18QPCh. 22 - Prob. 19QPCh. 22 - Prob. 20QPCh. 22 - Prob. 21QPCh. 22 - Prob. 22QPCh. 22 - Prob. 24QPCh. 22 - Prob. 28QPCh. 22 - Prob. 29QPCh. 22 - Prob. 31QPCh. 22 - Prob. 32QPCh. 22 - Prob. 33QPCh. 22 - Prob. 34QPCh. 22 - Prob. 35QPCh. 22 - Prob. 36QPCh. 22 - Prob. 37QPCh. 22 - Prob. 38QPCh. 22 - Prob. 39QPCh. 22 - Prob. 40QPCh. 22 - Prob. 41QPCh. 22 - Prob. 42QPCh. 22 - Prob. 43QPCh. 22 - Prob. 44QPCh. 22 - Prob. 45QP
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- Why couldnt atomic nuclei exist when the Universe was less than about 2 minutes old?arrow_forwardSuppose astronomers discover a radio message from a civilization whose planet orbits a star 35 lightyears away. Their message encourages us to send a radio answer, which we decide to do. Suppose our governing bodies take 2 years to decide whether and how to answer. When our answer arrives there, their governing bodies also take two of our years to frame an answer to us. How long after we get their first message can we hope to get their reply to ours? (A question for further thinking: Once communication gets going, should we continue to wait for a reply before we send the next message?)arrow_forwardThe present number density of electrons in the Universe is the same as that of protons, about 0.2 m-3. Consider a time long before the formation of the microwave background, when the scale factor was x times smaller than its present value. What was the number density of electrons then? Value: x = 12×106arrow_forward
- State the problems of the Hot Big Bang model in cosmology, and briefly explain how inflation solves these problems.arrow_forwardWhere did all the antimatter go?arrow_forwardSuppose a spaceship has the mass of a typical ocean cruise ship, then it can be assumed that it has a mass of 2.1 × 108 kg. Consider the kinetic energy required at 13 % of the speed of light. If energy to get a spaceship to cruising speed is generated using matter-antimatter annihilation, what mass of antimatter in kg is required? Hint: Matter-antimatter annihilation converts an entire mass of matter and antimatter into pure energy with no loss.arrow_forward
- Suppose a spaceship has the mass of a typical ocean cruise ship, then it can be assumed that it has a mass of 3.1 × 108 kg. Consider the kinetic energy required at 13 % of the speed of light. If energy to get a spaceship to cruising speed is generated using matter-antimatter annihilation, what mass of antimatter in kg is required?Hint: Matter-antimatter annihilation converts an entire mass of matter and antimatter into pure energy with no loss.arrow_forwardConsidering the reactions in primordial nucleosynthesis only, what would be the impact on the universe today if the neutron lifetime were much smaller than 886s (the actual value of the neutron lifetime)? Select one: O a. Annihilations mean that the universe is left composed entirely of photons and neutrinos O b. There would be no difference to the actual universe O c. Only hydrogen atoms would be present today O d. There would be very small amounts of 4He in the universe todayarrow_forwardThe cosmic microwave background radiation is strong evidence for the Big Bang theory because it: (a) Directly shows the explosion that created the universe. (b) Represents the afterglow of the hot, early universe. (c) Is a leftover radiation from the formation of stars and galaxies. (d) Only exists in specific regions of the observable universe.arrow_forward
- The background radiation has an average temperature of 2.7 K, using Wien’s Law, the current background radiation in the microwave region, the peak wavelength is 1mm. In the past, when the cosmic background radiation had a peak wavelength of 51.1 µm, calculate the relative size of the universe compared to the current size of the universe, that is, the universe was how much smaller by a factor of what? Round to TWO places past the decimalarrow_forwardCite an evidence that we are living in an expanding universe.arrow_forward
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