Chemistry
Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 22E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Electronic configuration of the following metals has to be written –

(a)   Ni2+(b) Cd2+(c) Zr3+, Zr4+(d) Os2+, Os3+

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom represents the arrangement of electrons in various energy levels.  The electrons are arranged in increasing order of energy levels according to Aufbau principle.  It is pictorially represented as –

Chemistry, Chapter 21, Problem 22E , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

The terms 1s, 2s, 3s ... etc represent the energy levels inside an atom in which electrons are filled.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22E

Electronic configuration of Ni2+ - [Ar]3d84s0

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of Nickel is 28 . Accordingly the electronic configuration is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2

Ni2+ is formed when Nickel loses two electrons.  Accordingly the electronic configuration of is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d84s0

The above electronic configuration corresponds to that of Argon till 3p6 energy level.  Hence the electronic configuration can be simplified as – [Ar]3d84s0.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Electronic configuration of the following metals has to be written –

(a)   Ni2+(b) Cd2+(c) Zr3+, Zr4+(d) Os2+, Os3+

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom represents the arrangement of electrons in various energy levels.  The electrons are arranged in increasing order of energy levels according to Aufbau principle.  It is pictorially represented as –

Chemistry, Chapter 21, Problem 22E , additional homework tip  2

Figure 1

The terms 1s, 2s, 3s ... etc represent the energy levels inside an atom in which electrons are filled.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22E

Electronic configuration of Cd2+ - [Kr]4d105s0

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of Cadmium is 48 . Accordingly the electronic configuration is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s2

Cd2+ is formed when Cadmium loses two electrons. Accordingly the electronic configuration of Cd2+ is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s0

The above electronic configuration corresponds to that of Argon till 4p6 energy level.  Hence the electronic configuration can be simplified as – [Kr]4d105s0.

 (c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Electronic configuration of the following metals has to be written –

            (a)   Ni2+(b) Cd2+(c) Zr3+, Zr4+(d) Os2+, Os3+

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom represents the arrangement of electrons in various energy levels.  The electrons are arranged in increasing order of energy levels according to Aufbau principle.  It is pictorially represented as –

Chemistry, Chapter 21, Problem 22E , additional homework tip  3

Figure 1

The terms 1s, 2s, 3s ... etc represent the energy levels inside an atom in which electrons are filled.

 (c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22E

Electronic configuration of Zr3+and Zr4+ [Kr]4d15s0, [Kr]4d05s0.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of Zirconium is 40 . Accordingly the electronic configuration is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d25s2

  Zr3+and Zr4+ are formed when Zirconium loses three electrons and four electrons respectively.   Accordingly the electronic configuration of Zr3+ is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d15s0

The electronic configuration of Zr4+ is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d05s0

The above electronic configurations correspond to that of Argon till 4p6 energy level.  Hence the electronic configurations of Zr3+and Zr4+ can be simplified as –

[Kr]4d15s0, [Kr]4d05s0 respectively.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Electronic configuration of the following metals has to be written –

(a)   Ni2+(b) Cd2+(c) Zr3+, Zr4+(d) Os2+, Os3+

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration of an atom represents the arrangement of electrons in various energy levels.  The electrons are arranged in increasing order of energy levels according to Aufbau principle.  It is pictorially represented as –

Chemistry, Chapter 21, Problem 22E , additional homework tip  4

Figure 1

The terms 1s, 2s, 3s ... etc represent the energy levels inside an atom in which electrons are filled.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22E

Electronic configuration of Os2+ , Os3+ - [Xe]4f145d66s0,[Xe]4f145d56s0.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of Osmium is 76 . Accordingly the electronic configuration is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d66s2

Os2+ and Os3+ are formed when Osmium loses two electrons and three electrons respectively.   Accordingly the electronic configuration of Os2+ is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d66s0

The above electronic configuration corresponds to that of Xenon till 5p6 energy level.  Hence the electronic configuration can be simplified as – [Xe]4f145d66s0.

The electronic configuration of Os3+ is –

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d56s0

The above electronic configuration corresponds to that of Xenon till 5p6 energy level.  Hence the electronic configuration can be simplified as – [Xe]4f145d56s0.

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Chapter 21 Solutions

Chemistry

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