Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 13IMT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The community’s trophic structure pathways that transform
Introduction:
Trophic levels are determined by feeding relationships among various species in a community. It also tells about how the populations in a community interact with one another. The base of trophic levels consists of primary producers (plants or detritus) and the upper levels depend upon the consumption of basal levels. Primary consumers like herbivores are present on second trophic level as they consume the producers and secondary consumers are present on third trophic level by consuming primary consumers.
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create a case study based on additional research into other examples of trophic cascades.
describe and illustrate how changes in an organismal population can have unintended effects on trophic levels or ecosystems.
Identify the organisms and nutrients (if applicable) that are present in your trophic pyramid.
Describe the normal flow of your trophic cascade along with whether removal or introduction of the organism has a positive or negative effect on other organisms or nutrient levels within an ecosystem.
The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?
Which of the following terms identifies the amount of energy available at each trophic feeding level
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1SQCh. 20 - According to the concept of competitive exclusion,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3SQCh. 20 - Prob. 4SQCh. 20 - Why are the top predators in food chains most...Ch. 20 - Over a period of many years, grass grows on a sand...Ch. 20 - According to the energy pyramid, why is eating...Ch. 20 - Local conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Prob. 10SQ
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- A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Why does the organism’s interaction appear in an oscillating pattern? What does it suggest?arrow_forwardTrophic Cascade Concept Map Primary Producers: Include at least two different types of primary producers (plants, algae, or other autotrophs) in the ecosystem. Herbivores: Identify herbivores that feed on the primary producers you chose or invented. Include 2 different species that might consume your primary producers Primary and/or Secondary Carnivores Introduce at least 2 carnivores that prey on herbivores or other carnivores. Demonstrate a cascading effect on the ecosystem. Biotic Interactions-Highlight various biotic interactions, such as mutualism, competition, and especially predation, among different organisms in the community.arrow_forwardThe following is NOT true about trophic levels Animals capable of feeding at many trophic levels will be able to survive if portions of their food supply are decreased or eliminated Secondary consumers belong to the third trophic level Primary consumers belong to the first trophic level Each stage through which energy travels is called a trophic levelarrow_forward
- In your own case study, describe and illustrate how changes in an organismal population can have unintended effects on trophic levels or ecosystems. Identify the organisms and nutrients that are present in your trophic pyramid. Describe the normal flow of your trophic cascade along with whether removal or introduction of the organism has a positive or negative effect on other organisms or nutrient levels within an ecosystem.arrow_forwardDescribe feeding relationships and energy flow, and use them to identify trophic levels and navigate food websarrow_forwardA conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Based on this scenario, what is the most significant role of sea otters in the marine community? Why it’s important?arrow_forward
- When hunting disrupts the balance in the food chain by removing all owls, there will be no predators on snakes, leading to their increase in numbers. Considering the scenario where the number of lost owls (4) is replaced by snakes, compute for energy units following in completing the table below. Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 6 1) Plants 30 2 2) Grasshopper 19 2 3) Frog 12 2 4) Snake 8 + 4 = 12 2 5) Owl 0 2arrow_forwardEnergy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem is measured in calories, numbers, and in biomass. If a rangeland has a biomass of 100, 000g/m2 from the grass, how much biomass will be available in human beings who eat the cow that eat that grass?arrow_forwardHow would you describe the trophic levels in a typical ecosystem? Discuss the flow of energy through the ecosystem, the relationship between the different trophic levels, and the factors that limit the number of trophic levels.arrow_forward
- The energy flow in the ecosystem is important to maintain an ecological balance. In this context, answer the following: (i) Explain why the flow of energy at different levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic? (ii) Why is the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem limited?arrow_forwardDescribe the trophic levels in a typical ecosystem. Discuss the flow of energy through the ecosystem, the relationship between the different trophic levels, and the factors that limit the number of trophic levelsarrow_forwardOrganisms at a higher trophic level have less energy available.comment.arrow_forward
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