Astronomy Today (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134450278
Author: Eric Chaisson, Steve McMillan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 3P
To determine
The time taken by the spacecraft to travel from Earth to Venus if it has an orbit that just grazes Earth's orbit at aphelion and Venus's orbit at perihelion, assuming that Earth and Venus are in the right places at right time.
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Like all planets, the planet Venus orbits the Sun in periodic motion and simultaneously spins about its axis. Just as on Earth, the time to make one complete orbit (i.e., the period of orbit) is what defines a year. And the time to make one complete revolution about its axis (i.e., the period of rotation) is what defines a day. The period of orbit for the Earth is 365.25 days and the period of rotation is 24 hours (1.00 day). But when these same values for Venus are expressed relative to Earth, it is found that Venus has a period of orbit of 225 days and a period of rotation of 243 days. So for Venus inhabitants, a day would last longer than a year! Determine the frequency of orbit and the frequency of rotation (in Hertz) on Venus.
Solve the problem:
Given: Distance of Venus to sun is 1.08×1011 m and the distance of mars to sun is 2.3×1011 m (688 days). Find period or time mercury to make a complete orbit revolution?
Suppose that a planet were discovered between the Sun and Mercury, with a circular
orbit of radius equal to 2/3 of the average orbit radius of Mercury. What would be the
orbital period of such a planet? (Such a planet was once postulated, in part to explain
the precession of Mercury's orbit. It was even given the name Vulcan, although we now
have no evidence that it actually exists. Mercury's precession has been explained by
general relativity.)
Chapter 2 Solutions
Astronomy Today (9th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1DCh. 2 - Prob. 2DCh. 2 - Prob. 3DCh. 2 - Prob. 4DCh. 2 - Prob. 5DCh. 2 - Prob. 6DCh. 2 - Prob. 7DCh. 2 - Prob. 8DCh. 2 - Prob. 9DCh. 2 - Prob. 10D
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11DCh. 2 - Prob. 12DCh. 2 - Prob. 13DCh. 2 - Prob. 14DCh. 2 - Prob. 15DCh. 2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 2 - Prob. 5MCCh. 2 - Prob. 6MCCh. 2 - Prob. 7MCCh. 2 - Prob. 8MCCh. 2 - Prob. 9MCCh. 2 - Prob. 10MCCh. 2 - Prob. 1PCh. 2 - Prob. 2PCh. 2 - Prob. 3PCh. 2 - Prob. 4PCh. 2 - Prob. 5PCh. 2 - Prob. 6PCh. 2 - Prob. 7PCh. 2 - Prob. 8P
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- one trajectory that can be used to send spacecraft from earth to mars is an elliptical orbit that has the sun at one focus, its perihelion at earth, and it's aphelion at mars. the spacecraft is launched from earth and coasts along this ellipse until it reaches mars, when a rocket is fired to either put the spacecraft into orbit around mars or cause it to land on mars. (a) find the semimajor axis of the ellipse (in au). (hint: draw a picture showing the sun and the orbits of earth, mars, and the spacecraft. treat the orbits of earth and mars as circles.) [enter your answer in units of au]arrow_forwardAccording to Lunar Laser Ranging experiment the average distance LM from the Earth to the Moon is approximately 3.92 x 105 km. The Moon orbits the Earth and completes one revolution relative to the stars in approximately 27.5 days (a sidereal month). Calculate the orbital velocity of the Moon in m/s. Answer: Choose...arrow_forwardIf the satellite was placed in an orbit three times farther away, about how long would it take to orbit the Earth once? Answer in days, rounding to one significant figure.days Mars rotates on its axis once every 1.02 days (almost the same as Earth does). (a) Find the distance from Mars at which a satellite would remain in one spot over the Martian surface. (Use 6.42 1023 kg for the mass of Mars.)m(b) Find the speed of the satellite.m/sarrow_forward
- There is a planet X that has a mass that is 24 times that of the earth and 4 times the earth's raidus. It orbits a star Y at a distance of 12 AU. (1 AU is the earth sun distance). Star Y has a mass 3 times that of our sun.What is the orbital period of Planet X in years?If an person has an earth weight of 140 lbs, what is it's weight on the surface of planet X?arrow_forwardIf Martians want to launch a geostationary satellite (more accurately, "Aerostationary") to study their planet, what would be the altitude of the satellite? Data of Mars: Rotation period : 24.6 hours Mass : 6.4 x 10^23 kg Radius: 3390 kmarrow_forwardThe semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? a. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. b. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. c. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when Mars is nearly…arrow_forward
- The semimajor axis of Mars orbit is about 1.52 astronomical units (au), where an au is the Earth's average distance from the Sun, meaning the semimajor axis of Earth's orbit is 1 au. To go from Earth to Mars and use the least energy from rocket fuel, the orbit has a semimajor axis of 1.26 au and an eccentricity of about 0.21. Starting at Earth's orbit, to follow this path we give the spacecraft an orbital velocity of 40 km/s. Which of the following describes this best? It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must speed up to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It arrives at Mars orbit at the same moment that Mars is there, and must slow down to go into an orbit next to Mars or else drop back into perihelion (closest to the Sun) at Earth's orbit. It flys past Mars on its trajectory unless it is braked by accelerating toward the Sun. It which leaves Earth when…arrow_forwardSuppose that a planet were discovered between the Sun and Mercury, with a circular radius equal to 3.86 x 1010 m (two-thirds of the orbit radius of Mercury). What would be the orbital period of such a planet?arrow_forwarda person leaves planet b-25 and constructs a small rocket. the person has a mass of 20 kg, the rocket has a mass of 480 kg, and the planet has a mass of 100,000 kg along with a radius of of 50 m. what is the force of gravity between the person and the planet when the person is standing on it? what us the value for the acceleration due to gravity at this point?arrow_forward
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