The Analysis of Biological Data
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781936221486
Author: Michael C. Whitlock, Dolph Schluter
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 2, Problem 28AP
(a)
To determine
To explain: Displaying of the results in a table
(b)
To determine
To explain: Displaying of the results in a graph
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
An ornithologist thinks that injections of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increase the singing rate of his captive male cotingas (birds). To test this hypothesis, he randomly selects 20 singing cotingas and divides them into two groups of 10 birds each. The first group receives injections of FSH and the second gets injections of saline solution, as a control for the trauma of receiving an injection. He then records the singing rate (in songs per hour) for both groups. The results are given in the following table. Note that two of the FSH birds escaped during injection and were not replaced.
a.) What is the alternative hypothesis? Use a directional alternative hypothesis.
b.) What is the null hypothesis?
c.) Using the Mann-Whitney U test and alpha=0.05tail what is your conclusion?
In northern Europe, there are two species of flycatcher: the collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher that sometimes hybridizes (I.e. a male from one species will mate with a female of the other species). A study done by Veen et al. 2001 measured the frequencies of different combinations of mated pairs within and between species. Do males and females mate indiscriminately, independent of species? The numbers of pairs observed are listed in the following table:
Female collared
Female pied
Male collared
5567
84
Male pied
72
172
What is the appropriate analysis for this dataset and research question?
A.poisson analysis
b.chi-squared goodness of fit
c.binomial test
d.chi-squared analysis of independence
e.odds/risk ratio
What is our df and critical value for this analysis?
To test the effect of a new exercise routine on muscle growth, a researcher sets up the following experiment: 60 volunteers subjects (40 men and 20 women) of average build are selected to participate in the study. Their body mass and muscle sizes (biceps, thighs, etc.) are measured. The researcher gives all the men a DVD with the new exercise routine, and the women a DVD with a standard routine, but only the researcher knows this.The results of the experiment are likely to be invalid mostly because
the subjects were volunteers.
the treatment group and control group were not the same size.
the gender of the patient is a confounding variable in this experiment.
the subjects did not know if they were getting the real treatment.
None of the above
Chapter 2 Solutions
The Analysis of Biological Data
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PPCh. 2 - Prob. 2PPCh. 2 - Prob. 3PPCh. 2 - Prob. 4PPCh. 2 - Prob. 5PPCh. 2 - Prob. 6PPCh. 2 - Prob. 7PPCh. 2 - Prob. 8PPCh. 2 - Prob. 9PPCh. 2 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 2 - Prob. 11PPCh. 2 - Prob. 12PPCh. 2 - Prob. 13PPCh. 2 - Prob. 14PPCh. 2 - Prob. 15PPCh. 2 - Prob. 16PPCh. 2 - Prob. 17PPCh. 2 - Prob. 18PPCh. 2 - Prob. 19APCh. 2 - Prob. 20APCh. 2 - Prob. 21APCh. 2 - Prob. 22APCh. 2 - Prob. 23APCh. 2 - Prob. 24APCh. 2 - Prob. 25APCh. 2 - Prob. 26APCh. 2 - Prob. 27APCh. 2 - Prob. 28APCh. 2 - Prob. 29APCh. 2 - Prob. 30APCh. 2 - Prob. 31APCh. 2 - Prob. 32APCh. 2 - Prob. 33APCh. 2 - Prob. 34APCh. 2 - Prob. 35APCh. 2 - Prob. 36APCh. 2 - Prob. 37AP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Does the job satisfaction of assembly-line workers differ when their work is machine-paced rather than self-paced? To try to answer that question, a study chose 18 subjects at random from a company that assembles electronic devices. Half of the workers were assigned at random to each of the two groups. Both groups did similar assembly work, but one group was allowed to pace themselves while the other group used an assembly line that moved at a fixed pace. After two weeks, all the workers took a test of job satisfaction. Then they switched work setups and took the test again after two weeks. The response variable is the difference in job satisfaction scores: self-paced minus machine paced. a. Determine the null hypothesis. b. Determine the alternative hypothesis. c. Classify the hypothesis test as two-tailed, left-tailed or right-tailed.arrow_forwardTo test the effect of a new exercise routine on muscle growth, a researcher sets up the following experiment: 60 volunteers subjects (40 men and 20 women) of average build are selected to participate in the study. Their body mass and muscle sizes (biceps, thighs, etc.) are measured. The researcher gives all the men a DVD with the new exercise routine, and the women a DVD with a standard routine, but only the researcher knows this. The results of the experiment are likely to be invalid mostly because:• the subjects were volunteers.• the gender of the volunteer is a confounding variable in this experiment.• the subjects did not know if they were getting the real treatment.• none of the above. It would improve the experiment if the researchers:• gave the new workout to the women.• gave everyone the same work out.• did not use so many women.• used the same number of men and women and gender-non-conforming subjectsarrow_forwardTo test the effect of a new exercise routine on muscle growth, a researcher sets up the following experiment: 60 volunteers subjects (40 men and 20 women) of average build are selected to participate in the study. Their body mass and muscle sizes (biceps, thighs, etc.) are measured. The researcher gives all the men a DVD with the new exercise routine, and the women a DVD with a standard routine, but only the researcher knows this. The results of this experiment are likely to be invalid mostly becausearrow_forward
- Trematodes of the species Euhaplorchis californiensis may infect the California kill fish, Fundulus parvipinnis. Researchers have observed that infected fish spend excessive time near the water surface, where they may be more vulnerable to bird predation. Researchers set up an experiment in a large outdoor tank that stocked with three kinds of killifish, uninfected, lightly infected, and highly infected, and recorded the number of fish that is eaten by birds. State the null and alternative hypothesisarrow_forwardThe males of stalk-eyed flies (Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni) have long eye stalks. The females sometimes use the length of these eye stalks to choose mates. Is the male’s eye-stalk length affected by the quality of its diet? An experiment was carried out in which two groups of male “stalkies” were reared on different foods (David et al. 2000). One group was fed “corn” (considered a high quality food), while the other was fed “cotton” wool (a food of substantially lower quality). Each male was raised singly and so represents an independent sampling unit. The eye spans (the distance between the eyes) were recorded in millimeters. The raw data, which are plotted as histograms below, are as follows: Corn diet: 2.15, 2.14, 2.13, 2.13, 2.12, 2.11, 2.1, 2.08, 2.08, 2.08, 2.04, 2.05, 2.03, 2.02, 2.01, 2, 1.99, 1.96, 1.95, 1.93, 1.89Cotton diet: 2.12, 2.07, 2.01, 1.93, 1.77, 1.68, 1.64, 1.61, 1.59, 1.58, 1.56, 1.55, 1.54, 1.49, 1.45, 1.43, 1.39, 1.34, 1.33, 1.29, 1.26, 1.24, 1.11, 1.05 a) what is the…arrow_forwardZoologists investigated the likelihood of fallow deer bucks fighting during the mating season. During a 270-hour observation period, the researchers recorded 205 encounters between two bucks. Of these, 174 involved one buck clearly initiating the encounter with the other. In these 174 initiated encounters, the zoologists kept track of whether or not a physical contact fight occurred and whether the initiator ultimately won or lost the encounter. (The buck that is driven away by the other and note the outcome (fight status and winner). E Click the icon to view a summary of the 174 initiated encounters. considered the loser.) Suppose we select one of these 174 encounters a. What is the probability that a fight occurs and the initiator wins? The probability is. (Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.) b. What is the probability that no fight occurs? The probability isD. (Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.) c. What is the probability that there is no clear winner? The…arrow_forward
- In a previous poll, 42% of adults with children under the age of 18 reported that their family ate dinner together seven nights a week. Suppose that, in a more recent poll, of 1060 adults with children under the age of 18 reported that their family ate dinner together seven nights a week.dinner together seven nights a week. Suppose that, in a more recent poll, 423 of 1060adults with children under the age of 18 reported that their family ate dinner together seven nights a week. Is there sufficient evidence that the proportion of families with children under the age of 18 who eat dinner together seven nights a week has decreased? Use the α=0.01 significance level. (a) What are the null and alternative hypotheses? (b) H0 versus H1 (c) Find the test statistic, z0. (d) Find the P-value. Is there sufficient evidence that the proportion of families with children under the age of 18 who eat dinner together seven nights a week has decreased?arrow_forwardA paper published in the Journal of Dermatology and Venereology reported that nickel allergy more likely to occur in women who report cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow. The researcher has taken two samples in their study from a similar population. In the first sample of 131 women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow, 12 were diagnosed with a nickel allergy. While in the second sample of 250 women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow, 25 were diagnosed with a nickel allergy. Compute a 95% confidence interval that is a closely related but simpler alternative to Wilson's Method for the first and the second samples for the proportion of women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow who have a nickel allergy. (i) (ii) Compare the two confidence intervals you compute in (i). (i) Suppose you are informed that the true proportion of women diagnosed with a nickel allergy is 0.12. Explain it refers to which group.arrow_forwardA study to investigate the dominant paws in cats was described in the scientific journal Animal Behaviour. The researchers used a random sample of 42 domestic cats. In this study, each cat was shown a treat (5 grams of tuna), and while the cat watched, the food was placed inside a jar. The opening of the jar was small enough that the cat could not stick its head inside to remove the treat. The researcher recorded the paw that was first used by the cat to try to retrieve the treat. This was repeated 100 times for each cat (over a span of several days). The paw used most often was deemed the dominant paw (note that one cat used both paws equally and was classified as "ambidextrous"). Of the 42 cats studied, 20 were classified as "left-pawed." Verify that the sample is large enough to use the normal formula to find a confidence interval for the proportion of domestic cats that are "left-pawed." Yes. No.arrow_forward
- To study the effectiveness of possible treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study in which four participants were instructed to count sheep (the Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (the Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. The average number of minutes taken for each participant to fall asleep over the next seven days were 14, 28, 27, and 31 minutes for the Sheep condition; 25, 22, 17, and 14 minutes for those in the Breathing condition; and 45, 33, 30, and 41 for the Control condition. Using the .05 significance level, did the different techniques have different effects? What is the null hypothesis? What is the research hypothesis?arrow_forwardTo study the effectiveness of possible treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study in which four participants were instructed to count sheep (the Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (the Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. The average number of minutes taken for each participant to fall asleep over the next seven days were 14, 28, 27, and 31 minutes for the Sheep condition; 25, 22, 17, and 14 minutes for those in the Breathing condition; and 45, 33, 30, and 41 for the Control condition. Using the .05 significance level, did the different techniques have different effects? Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. This is where you determine the sample’s F ratio (the numerator and denominator). To do that, you have to find the between-groups variance estimate and the within-groups variance estimate.…arrow_forwardTo study the effectiveness of possible treatments for insomnia, a sleep researcher conducted a study in which four participants were instructed to count sheep (the Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (the Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. The average number of minutes taken for each participant to fall asleep over the next seven days were 14, 28, 27, and 31 minutes for the Sheep condition; 25, 22, 17, and 14 minutes for those in the Breathing condition; and 45, 33, 30, and 41 for the Control condition. Using the .05 significance level, did the different techniques have different effects? Restate the question as a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis about the populations.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALAlgebra & Trigonometry with Analytic GeometryAlgebraISBN:9781133382119Author:SwokowskiPublisher:Cengage
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
Algebra
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Cengage
Statistics 4.1 Point Estimators; Author: Dr. Jack L. Jackson II;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MrI0J8XCEE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Statistics 101: Point Estimators; Author: Brandon Foltz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4v41z3HwLaM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Central limit theorem; Author: 365 Data Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5xQmk9veZ4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Point Estimate Definition & Example; Author: Prof. Essa;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTVwtvQmSn0;License: Standard Youtube License
Point Estimation; Author: Vamsidhar Ambatipudi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flqhlM2bZWc;License: Standard Youtube License