Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 18.4, Problem 1TC
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The reason behind the small size of today’s ferns, club mosses, and horsetails in comparison to their giant ancestors.
Introduction:
Vast swamps and shallow seas covered much of the region of North America and Europe. The great expanse of forests comprised of gigantic trees covered this region. Trees at that time were different from the oaks, elms, and pines of today’s world. Those trees were primitive vascular plants.
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In mosses and ferns, fertilization, and zygote and embryo formation occur in antheridia.
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http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/botany_130/diversity/plants/mosses.html
Make a complete moss life cycle with the following phases and structures. Note: download the images of Mnium from this link and arrange them in the exact sequence to make the lifecycle. Lifecycle structures with cell division: Meiosis, fertilization within archegonium, capsule (sporangium), spores (n), protonema (n) (Image), male gametophyte (n) (Image), female gametophyte (n) (Image), antheridia (Image), archegonia (Image), sperm, egg, water, zygote (2n), embryo, young growing sporophyte (2n), mature sporophyte (2n) (Image), rhizoids. You can insert the non-image part, using the textbox and fill out the suitable s text. For symbol, click on the shape option and inter in your lifecycle diagram at the required place
The environments in which ferns grow range from standing water to very dry areas. Nonetheless, all ferns are dependent upon free water in order to complete their life cycles. Explain why is the case.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- How would we be affected if all ferns were to become extinct in a few years?arrow_forwardThe main difference between the life cycle of mosses versus the gymnosperms is: -in moss the dominant life cycle stage is the gametophyte, whereas in gymnosperms the dominant life cycle stage is the sporophyte. -moss sporophytes are photosynthetic and gymnosperm sporophytes are not. -gymnosperms undergo the alternation of generations and mosses do not. -mosses only have one multicellular life cycle stage, whereas gymnosperms have two.arrow_forwardGametophytes develop into gametes and sporophytes develop into spores. True False In mosses and ferns, fertilization, and zygote and embryo formation occur in antheridia. True False Which of the following structures are in an archegonium of a moss? sterile jacket venter neck spermatogenous cells Ferns have roots and vascular tissues but mosses don't. True Falsearrow_forward
- Which specimen( Psilotum Selaginella Lycopodium Equisetum ferns) MENTIONED has (have) a true indusium (protective covering of the sorus that is not from the leaf margin of the fern)?arrow_forwardSuppose an efficient conducting system evolved in a moss that could transport water and other materials as high as a tall tree. Which of the following statements about “trees” of such a species would not be true? (A) Spore dispersal distances would probably increase. (B) Females could produce only one archegonium. (C) Unless its body parts were strengthened, such a “tree” would probably flop over. (D) Individuals would probably compete more effectively for access to light.arrow_forwardTable 3.1. General features of the major groups of ferns and allies. Feature Psilophyta Lycophyta Equisetophyta Pterophyta Representative Psilotum Lycopodium Selaginella Isoetes Equisetum Nephrolepis species Dichotomously branched? Differentiated into roots, stems, leaves? Homosporous or Heterosporous? Type of "Leaves" Type of stele Sporangia Other distinct featuresarrow_forward
- What are leaves? what are the two types? What is the difference between homosporous plants and heterosporous plants? What are megaspores and microspores? What was significance of the ecological role of seedless vascular plants back when they dominated terrestrial habitats? Why is that so important to our modern world today?arrow_forwardFerns first appeared in the Devonian Period. Look at the inside of the back cover. How long ago was the Devonian Period? Unlike all the groups mentioned so far in this chapter, most of this group is still extant, not extinct. About how many species of modern (i.e., not extinct) ferns are there?arrow_forwardThe rhizome of ferns like the one shown in the previous question, have a dictyostele vascular cylinder. In your own words, what does this term mean and how does it differ from the protostele seen in the Lycophytes?arrow_forward
- Why are most of the ferns found in moist areas?arrow_forwardIf Rhynia or its contemporaries were the ancestors to the ferns, how did the gametophytes and sporophytes change during evolution?arrow_forwardWhy are both bryophytes and fern (with fern allies) are restricted in habitats with significant availability of moisture?arrow_forward
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