Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 6SQ
Constructing a cladogram _______ .
- a. may involve parsimony analysis
- b. helps us rank species into taxa
- c. reveals convergent structures
- d. is a necessary part of DNA barcoding
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The evolution of various life forms on Earth is summarized in ________.
a.
the binomial naming system
b.
phylogenetic trees
c.
the taxonomic classification system
A cladogram or phylogenetic tree is used to classify organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics, where each node or branching point is known as _________________.
Group of answer choices
A. Common ancestry
B. New species
C. Reproductive isolation
D. New characteristic
E. None of the answers are correct
A cladogram used in a comparison of morphology among taxa had equal length branches, but when looked at in a blast webpage using the given gene sequence, the branches all had different lengths. Why is that?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
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- In cladograms, sister groups are______ . a. inbred c. represented by nodes b. the same age d. in the same familyarrow_forwarda diagram that shows evolutionary connections between clades is called a_______ .a. karyotype c. cladogramb. molecular clock d. homologous structurearrow_forwardWhich characters are most informative in phylogenetic reconstruction because they indicate monophyletic groups? A. Homoplasies B. Symplesiomorphies C. Recently evolved traits that are found in just one species D. Ancestral traits E. Synapomorphiesarrow_forward
- A monophyletic group is a ________. a. phylogenetic tree b. shared derived trait c. character state d. cladearrow_forwardWith the cladogram below as a basis, answer the following questions in the space provided. 6. Write down the taxa that would make a paraphyletic grouping. 7. Write down the taxa that would make a monophyletic grouping.arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree to the right showsthe evolutionary relationships of taxa A –H. The shapes represent character statetrait changes. A. Which traits (shapes) would individualsin taxa D have? Draw the collection oftraits. B. Is the triangle a synapomorphy orpleisomorphy (circle one)? C. Is the circle a synapomorphy orsympleisomorphy (circle one)?arrow_forward
- What is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asaparrow_forwardIn a cladogram, each node represents a(n)______ . a. single lineage c. common ancestor b. extinction d. adaptive radiationarrow_forward100. Maximum parsimony (i.e., Occam's razor) is used for many things, including the construction of phylogenetic trees. It can best be described as _________. A. intermediate models are best because they're not too simple, not too complex B. the simplest explanation is usually the correct one C. the most complex one is best because nature is complex D. none of the above – models should be chosen on a case-specific basisarrow_forward
- Question 17 Choose the best answer. Shared derived characteristics are: O a. Used only to characterize species of O b. Used to characterize a clade questi O . Characters that are commonly found in all taxa in a specific tree. O d Phenotypically the samearrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are TRUE in phylogenetic analysis? 0000000 A. In a phylogram, the longer the branch length, the lesser genetic change. B. A bootstrap value of 90-100 indicates a weakly supported clade. C. Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony does not consider convergence as an influencing factor in creating an evolutionary tree. D. Phylogenetic analysis treats each base of a sequence as a molecular character for analysis. Both C and D are True statements. Both B and Care True statements. None. All of the statements are False.arrow_forwarda. draw a diagonal tree b. Which organism is an outgroup? c. Which organisms are sister taxa or share a common ancestor?arrow_forward
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