Whether the following statements are true or false: a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system. b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina. c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves. d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level. e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries. Introduction: The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the statements (b) and (c) are true and the statements (a), (d), and (e) are false.

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When comparing veins and arteries of the same diameter, which of the following statements is not true? Select one: a. Veins have fewer smooth muscle fibers. b. Veins have a larger lumen. c. Veins have more elastic tissue. d. Veins have valves. e. Veins have thinner walls.

Which of the following statement/s is/are true about veins? A. Inner layer is composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue. B. Middle layer are composed of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue which contributes to maintenance of diastolic blood pressure. C. Outer layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue to prevent rupture. D. All statements are not true. E. All statements are true. 2. Which of the following statement/s is/are not true about regulation of heart rate? A. The brainstem contains the cardiac centers which are the accelerator center and the inhibitory center. (medulla) B. Sympathetic impulses to the heart increase rate and force of contraction. C. Parasympathetic impulses from cranial nerve X to the heart causes reduction in the heart rate. D. The cranial nerve IX is motor for the carotid receptors. (sensory) 3. Which of the following statement/s is/are true regarding the pericardial membranes? A. The outer layer is made of fibrous connective tissue which is a…

Which of the following characteristics is unique to capillaries and not to other blood vessels? A. have low blood pressure B. have high blood pressure C. exchange substances (ions, small molecules and water) between blood and tissues D. carry oxygen and carbon dioxide E. connect to the heart and lungs

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the statements (b) and (c) are true and the statements (a), (d), and (e) are false.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the statements (b) and (c) are true and the statements (a), (d), and (e) are false.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the statements (b) and (c) are true and the statements (a), (d), and (e) are false.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the statements (b) and (c) are true and the statements (a), (d), and (e) are false.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the statements (b) and (c) are true and the statements (a), (d), and (e) are false.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 1CYR

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether the following statements are true or false:

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries.

Introduction:

The cardiovascular system contains a billion blood vessels, which transport blood to tissues and so carry it back to the heart. It involves the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes. These blood vessels involve arteries, veins, and capillaries. They also regulate blood flow to tissues and control blood pressure.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

a. The statement “Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system” is false. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and supply blood to the various organs and tissues. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood and the systemic artery carries oxygenated blood. The exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system are capillaries. So, the correct statement would be “Arteries are distribution system of the cardiovascular system.”

b. The statement “The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissues, and the internal elastic lamina” is true. Tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessels. Endothelium provides a smooth surface for blood flow. Deep in the endothelium, the internal elastic lamina is present, which consists of a thin layer of subendothelial connective tissues and a layer of elastic fibers. This layer has the ability to restore the original shape of the blood vessels after stretching.

c. The statement “The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves” is true. Tunica media is the middle layer of the blood vessel wall. It consists of two components—a layer of smooth muscle cells and a layer of elastic fibers called the external elastic lamina. The smooth muscles of tunica media are supplied with nerves from a sympathetic nervous system called the vasomotor nerves. These nerves enable the action of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

d. The statement “Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level” is false. Muscular arteries contain well-developed tunica media, which consist of smooth muscle cells. Due to the presence of smooth muscle cells, muscular arteries can change their diameter with vasoconstriction and vasodilation. This helps in the regulating the blood flow to different organs. So, the correct statement would be “Muscular arteries control the blood flow at the organ level.”

e. The statement “Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscles than arteries” is false. Veins act as the blood reservoirs of the body. Blood can be diverted from veins to other parts of the body when needed. The arteries are circular, whereas veins appear collapsed, so they have much thinner walls. The correct statement is “Veins have fewer elastic fibers, less smooth muscles, and a larger lumen that arteries.”