Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The chloride salt of lead is converted to its chromate salt to test its presence, the reason has to be confirmed.
Concept introduction: Metal ions present in a solution can be identified by a set procedure known as qualitative analysis. Different metal ions show different reactions with different reagent and thus either through the color of the precipitate formed or by smell the gas evolved the metal ion present can be identified.
Some metal ions when present in an aqueous solution containing anions or neutral species called Lewis base or ligands having a tendency to donate electron pairs to metal ions then complex ion formation will take place. Complex ions are stable and thus formation of these increase the solubility of the salt containing the metal ions same as in complex ions.
Example of metal ions that form complex ions includes
Example of Lewis bases includes,
(b)
Interpretation: The presence of
Concept introduction: Metal ions present in a solution can be identified by a set procedure known as qualitative analysis. Different metal ions show different reactions with different reagent and thus either through the color of the precipitate formed or by smell the gas evolved the metal ion present can be identified.
Some metal ions when present in an aqueous solution containing anions or neutral species called Lewis base or ligands having a tendency to donate electron pairs to metal ions then complex ion formation will take place. Complex ions are stable and thus formation of these increase the solubility of the salt containing the metal ions same as in complex ions.
Example of metal ions that form complex ions includes
Example of Lewis bases includes,
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 17 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- The following concentrations are found in mixtures of ions in equilibrium with slightly soluble solids. From the concentrations given, calculate Ksp for each of the slightly soluble solids indicated:(a) AgBr: [Ag+] = 5.7 × 10–7 M, [Br–] = 5.7 × 10–7 M(b) CaCO3: [Ca2+] = 5.3 × 10–3 M, [CO32−] = 9.0 × 10–7 M(c) PbF2: [Pb2+] = 2.1 × 10–3 M, [F–] = 4.2 × 10–3 M(d) Ag2CrO4: [Ag+] = 5.3 × 10–5 M, 3.2 × 10–3 M(e) InF3: [In3+] = 2.3 × 10–3 M, [F–] = 7.0 × 10–3 Marrow_forwardHow much potassium oxalate can be added to 156.0 mL of 0.5 M [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2 before a precipitate of CuC2O4 begins to form? Ksp(CuC2O4)=2.9x10-8 and Kf(Cu(NH3)42+)=1.1x1012Include at least 3 significant figures in your answer.arrow_forwardCalculate the Ksp of the following compounds, given their molar solubilities. (a) CuS, 7.33 × 10-19 M (b) Cu(ОН)2, 1.76 х 10-7 М (c) Mg3 (PO4)2, 6.20 × 10–6 Marrow_forward
- (ii) Consider the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.02000 M CaSO4 with 0.01000 M EDTA at pH 10.00. Write the chemical equation for this titration and calculate the conditional formation constant for this reaction. (iii) From (ii) calculate the concentration of Ca2+ and pCa2+ at the volume of 20.0 mL of EDTA added.arrow_forwardA 0.8000-g sample of iron ore containing 21.00% Fe is analyzed gravimetrically. If the final precipitate (assumed to be Fe,03) contains 20.0 mg of Al,O3 by mistake, what percentage of Fe does the analyst find?arrow_forwardAs part of a soil analysis on a plot of land, a scientist wants to determine the ammonium content using gravimetric analysis with sodium tetraphenylborate, Na+B(C6H5)4−. Unfortunately, the amount of potassium, which also precipitates with sodium tetraphenylborate, is non‑negligible and must be accounted for in the analysis. Assume that all potassium in the soil is present as K2CO3 and all ammonium is present as NH4Cl. A 5.095 g soil sample was dissolved to give 0.500 L of solution. A 150.0 mL aliquot was acidified and excess sodium tetraphenylborate was added to precipitate both K+ and NH4+ ions completely. B(C6H5)4-+K+⟶KB(C6H5)4(s) B(C6H5)4-+NH4+⟶NH4B(C6H5)4(s) The resulting precipitate amounted to 0.269 g. A new 300.0 mL aliquot of the original solution was made alkaline and heated to remove all of the NH4+ as NH3. The resulting solution was then acidified, and excess sodium tetraphenylborate was added to give 0.129 g of precipitate. Find the mass percentages of NH4Cl and…arrow_forward
- From the following data find the percentages of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in a mixture of these chemicals and inert constituents: a) A 0.5000 g sample required 45.50 mL 0.1050 N HCl to reach the methyl orange end point. b) 25.00 mL of 0.1000 N KOH is added to 0.2500 g of the sample; BaCl2 is added to precipitate the BaCO3 and 12.00 mL 0.1050 N HCl is required to reach the phenolphthalein end point.arrow_forwardA buffer solution with a pH of 4,9, consists of 0,25 mol∙dm–3 acetic acid (HC2H3O2; Ka= 1,8 x 10–5) and 0,35 mol∙dm–3 potassium acetate (KC2H3O2). A small quantity (0,050 mol) of solid KOH is added to 1 dm3 of the buffer. This quantity is so small that it does not affect the volume of the buffer. Calculate the new pH of the buffer solution after the KOH has been added.arrow_forwardCalculate The solubility of Ba(IO3)2 in a solution prepared by mixing 200 mL of 0.00100 M Ba(NO3)2 with 100 mL of 0.0100 M NaIO3. The Ksp for barium iodate is 1.57 x 10-9(a) Write the solubility equilibria expression for Ba(IO3)2(b) Write the Ksp expression for the reaction in (a)(c) Determine the new concentration of Barium and Iodate ions(d) Determine the limiting and excess reactant(e) Calculate the molar solubility of Barium Iodate(f) What does a small value of Ksp tell us?arrow_forward
- A student mixed equal volumes of 0.2 M solutions of sulfuric acid and calcium chloride together. (a) What precipitate forms? (b) Write an equation for the equilibrium present and the Ksp expression. (c) In the resulting solution, does [SO42-] = [Ca2+]? Explain.arrow_forwardThe value of Ksp for Cd(OH)2 is 2.5 x 10-14. (a) Whatis the molar solubility of Cd1OH22? (b) The solubilityof Cd(OH)2can be increased through formation of thecomplex ion CdBr42 - (Kf = 5 x 103). If solid Cd(OH)2 isadded to a NaBr solution, what is the initial concentrationof NaBr needed to increase the molar solubility of Cd(OH)2to 1.0 x 10-3 mol/L?arrow_forwardAn experiment to observe the effect of ionic strength on the solubility of Ca(OH)2 was conducted. Ca(OH)2 was added to 250 mL 0.01 M KCl, stirred until equilibrium. This was then filtered, and 50 mL of the filtrate was measured out. The 50 mL filtrate was then titrated with standardized 0.13 M HCl solution until phenolphtalein endpoint (11 mL). How do I solve for the solubility s of Ca(OH)2? Please provide an explanation of the process (do I multiply ionic strength μ to the solubility [where s = [Ca(OH)2) = [Ca2+] = 1/2[OH-]?) I would like to know how the diverse ion effect would affect the solubility of Ca(OH)2. How does the ionic strength μ of KCl affect this?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY