Hansen (2006) describes a study to assess the migration and survival of salmon released from fish farms located in Norway. The mingling of escaped farmed salmon with wild salmon raises several concerns. First, the assessment of the abundance of wild salmon stocks will be biased if there is a presence of large numbers of farmed salmon. Second, potential interbreeding between farmed and wild salmon may result in a reduction in the health of the wild stocks. Third, diseases present in farmed salmon may be transferred to wild salmon. Two batches of farmed salmon were tagged and released in two locations, one batch of 1,996 fish in northern Norway and a second batch of 2,499 fish in southern Norway. The researchers recorded the time and location at which the fish were captured by either commercial fisherman or anglers in fresh water. Two of the most important pieces of information to be determined by the study were the distance from the point of the fish’s release to the point of its capture and the length of time it took for the fish to be captured.
- a. Identify the population that is of interest to the researchers.
- b. Describe the sample.
- c. What characteristics of the population are of interest to the researchers?
- d. If the sample measurements are used to make inferences about the population characteristics, why is a measure of reliability of the inferences important?
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An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis
- Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M=34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS=210 for a sample of n=15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of ?=30minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds' behavior? Use a two-tailed test with ?=.05. b.…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M=37minutes in the plain chamber with SS=288 for a sample of n=9 birds. (Note: If the eye-spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ=30 minutes in each chamber.) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with a= .05. Compute the…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyespots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with α =…arrow_forward
- Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 37 minutes in the plain chamber with SS = 288 for a sample of n = 9 birds. (Note: If the eye-spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyespots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05.…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scalfe (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 34.5 minutes in the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of µ = 30 minutes in each chamber. Construct the 90% confidence interval to estimate the mean amount of time spent on the plain side for the population of birds.arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber two large eye-spots were painted on the wall; the other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 37 minutes in the plain chamber with SS = 288 for a sample of n = 9 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with =…arrow_forward
- Suppose you are conducting a study about how the average US worker spends time over the course of a workday. You are interested in how much time workers spend per day on personal calls, emails, and social networking websites, as well as how much time they spend socializing with coworkers versus actually working. The most recent census provides data for the entire population of US workers on variables such as travel time to work, time spent at work, and break time at work. The census, however, does not include data on the variables you are interested in, so you obtain a random sample of 83 full-time workers in the United States and ask about personal calls, emails, and so forth. You are curious about how your sample compares with the census, so you also ask the workers the same questions about work that are asked in the census. Suppose the mean time spent at work per day from the most recent census is 8.32 hours, with a standard deviation of 0.91 hours. Your sample of 83 US workers…arrow_forwardSuppose you are conducting a study about how the average US worker spends time over the course of a workday. You are interested in how much time workers spend per day on personal calls, emails, and social networking websites, as well as how much time they spend socializing with coworkers versus actually working. The most recent census provides data for the entire population of US workers on variables such as travel time to work, time spent at work, and break time at work. The census, however, does not include data on the variables you are interested in, so you obtain a random sample of 102 full-time workers in the United States and ask about personal calls, emails, and so forth. You are curious about how your sample compares with the census, so you also ask the workers the same questions about work that are asked in the census. Suppose the mean travel time to work from the most recent census is 24.1 minutes, with a standard deviation of 4.5 minutes. Your sample of 102 US workers…arrow_forward4) Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 34.5 minutes in the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Note: If the eye-spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of µ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with α =…arrow_forward
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