CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 1CC
Explain how each of the following characteristics contributes to the success of prokaryotes: cell wall, capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores.
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
Each of the following characteristics contributes to the success of prokaryotes: cell wall, capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores.
Introduction:
The external features of prokaryotes are the evidence of the diversity in prokaryotes. The features are important in identifying prokaryotes as well as helping the organisms to survive in their environment.
Explanation of Solution
The characteristics that contribute to the success of prokaryotes are as follow:
- Cell wall: A cell wall is present in all prokaryotes. This feature of prokaryotes enables them to live in wide range of environment. A physical environment and prevention of cell from brusting is provided by the cell wall. The cell walls are of two types: gram- positive and gram negative. The gram stains are used to identify the type of bacteria. The antibiotics are given according to the type of bacteria. The peptidoglycan layer is present in gram positive bacteria and is absent in gram-negative bacteria.
- Capsule: A capsule in prokaryotes is a sheath like structure which provides the flexibility to the cell. It is a gel like structure that helps in sticking on to surfaces or other members within the colony and also helps in protecting the organism from attacks from the immune system of the host.
- Flagella and fimbriae: Flagella are a mobile structure which can easily move the cell in response to nutrients. The flagella present on the cell may be scattered all over the cell or may be present only at the ends. Fimbriae are the hair-like projections present on the surface. The fimbriae on certain bacteria may attach to the sperm cell during sexual intercourse to facilitate travel into other tissues.
- Endospores: These are the types of resident cells which are not killed even in boiling water. Some food canning industries can kill Clostridium botulinum which is a source of potential fatal disease called botulism.
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Students have asked these similar questions
In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions:
a) Outer cellular covering which includes:
Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment
Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan
Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm
b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm.
c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…
An organism is a mixotroph loses its plastids, it survives because of which reason;
1. It has an endospore and becomes dormant until conditions improve 2. It has photosynthesis by membranes present in the cytoplasm
3. since it is also a heterotroph engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption for nutrition 4. uses mitochondria that acquite after loosing its plastids
Explain why an endospore is not considered a reproductive body.
Chapter 16 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 16 - Explain how each of the following characteristics...Ch. 16 - Fill in the blanks on the phylogenetic tree (on...Ch. 16 - In terms of nutrition, autotrophs are to...Ch. 16 - A new organism has been discovered. Tests have...Ch. 16 - Which pair of protists has support structures...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 16 - Which of the following prokaryotes is not...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 16 - What characteristic distinguishes true...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10TYK
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