Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 5TYK
Which of the following statements is false?
a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation.
b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids.
c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it.
d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site.
e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
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During translation, when a stop codon is read on the mRNA strand at the ribosome...
a
the mRNA is digested by a protease complex
b
a repressor attached to the ribosome that inhibits the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA
c
the enzyme helicase binds to terminate the polypeptide
d
a release factor enters the A site of the ribosome and stimulates the disassembly of the translation complex
Codons are...
a
triplets coding for a single amino acid.
b
redundant in their coding for various amino acids.
c
matched with anticodons during translation
d
triplets found on transfer RNA
Question 6 (1 point)
In order to produce many copies of the same protein in a short period of time, the cell uses...
a
intron self-splicing.
b
many RNA polymerase molecules to produce multiple mRNA transcripts at the same time.
c
single-unit ribosomes for high speed translation.
d
codon-anticodon reciprocal…
What would be the direct consequence to a cell of loss-of-function of Elongation Factor-Tu (EF-Tu)? You may select multiple answers.
a. tRNAs would fail to exit the E site after giving up their amino acid.
b. The error rate of translation would increase.
c. The ribosome would frequently fail to identify the correct start codon and initiation of translation would become less efficient.
d. There would be no pause between the entry of a tRNA into the A site and peptidyl transfer.
Examine the following base sequence – 5’ UGA 3’. It represents the anticodon region of a particular tRNA. Based on this knowledge you know that
a.
This tRNA would be used to stop translation.
b.
This tRNA would carry the amino acid Serine to the ribosome.
c.
This tRNA would carry the amino acid Threonine to the ribosome.
d.
This tRNA would bind a TCA codon on DNA.
e.
This tRNA would not carry any amino acid to the ribosome.
f.
This tRNA would carry the amino acid Leucine to the ribosome.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.1 - If the codon were five bases long, how many...Ch. 15.2 - For the DNA template below, what would be the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 15.4 - Distinguish between the P, A, and E sites of the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - How does a missense mutation differ from a silent...
Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 15 - Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and...Ch. 15 - A segment of a strand of DNA has a base sequence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 15 - A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an...Ch. 15 - Discuss Concepts The normal form of a gene...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Which of the following are stages of translation? Select all that apply. a.As the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide. b.A tRNA binds to the second codon and its carried amino acid forms a peptide bond with methionine. c.When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released. d.Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA. e.The binding of a tRNA to the third codon causes the ribosome to release the first tRNA and move to the next codon.arrow_forwardA principle function of 5' and 3' end modifications of eukaryotic mRNA is: a. to ensure that all nucleotides are phosphorylated b. to protect RNA from nucleolytic degradation c. to guide the removal of introns d. to serve as binding sites for translation release factorsarrow_forwardThe aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes are responsible for: O A. matching each tRNA with the appropriate mRNA codon. O B. catalyzing the enzymatic step of peptide bond formation during translation. O C. synthesizing tRNA molecules in the nucleus from tRNA genes. O D. adding amino acids to appropriate tRNAS (charging the tRNA). O E. regulating the process of amino acid synthesis.arrow_forward
- The codon and anticodon are base-paired together during the process of translation. Which of the following is correct regarding the relationship between anticodon and codon? A. The tRNA anticodon UCU pairs with the AGA mRNA codon. B. The tRNA anticodon is read from the 5’ to the 3’ end. C. A tRNA anticodon can pair with only one mRNA codon. D. The mRNA codon ACG base pairs with the tRNA anticodon TGC.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are stages of translation? Select all that apply. A. A tRNA binds to the second codon and its carried amino acid forms a peptide bond with methionine. B. As the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide. C. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released. D. Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA. E. The binding of a tRNA to the third codon causes the ribosome to release the first tRNA and move to the next codon.arrow_forwardA scientist mutates eIF-2 to eliminate its GTP hydrolysis capability. How would this mutated form of eIF-2 alter translation? a. Initiation factors would not be able to bind to mRNA. b. The large ribosomal subunit would not be able to interact with mRNA transcripts. c. tRNAi-Met would not scan mRNA transcripts for the start codon. d. eIF-2 would not be able to interact with the small ribosomal subunit.arrow_forward
- Which steps in eukaryotic translation require the cleavage of a phosphodiester bond from GTP? Choose one or more: A. release of EF–Tu B. formation of a peptide bond C. formation of the 80S ribosome D. release of the new polypeptide chain E. translocation of the ribosome along the mRNAarrow_forwardWhich translation factor mediates the aminoacyl-tRNA entry into the A site of the ribosome? A. EF-Tu B. EF-Ts C. EF-G D. IF1arrow_forwardFind the events from prokaryotic translation from the list below and list them below in order, by letter, from earliest to latest during translation A. Incoming tRNA occupies the A-site B. Small ribosome binds to Shine Dalgarno sequence C. 5’ methyl cap binds small ribosome D. Large ribosome subunit binds the small ribosome subunit E. P-site tRNA peptide is attached to the amino acid of the A-site tRNA. F. f-Met tRNA binds to P site G. Small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA H. Peptide released from complex.arrow_forward
- Do the following events during bacterial translation occur primarily within the 30S subunit, within the 50S subunit, or at the interface between these two ribosomal subunits? A. mRNA-tRNA recognition B. Peptidyl transfer reaction C. Exit of the polypeptide from the ribosome D. Binding of initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3arrow_forwardtRNAs a. carry amino acids b. bind to the anticodon present in the mRNA c. adapt the genetic information to the ribosome d. catalyze the peptide bondarrow_forwardThe primary function of RF1 during translation is to: a. recognize a stop codon in the 70S A site during termination. b. recognize the start codon in the 70S P site during initiation. c. move tRNAs and mRNA through the ribosome during elongation. d. facilitate binding of the ribosome to mRNA during initiation.arrow_forward
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