Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 13.4, Problem 13AYP
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The main difference between T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells.
Concept introduction:
Lymphocytes are the type of the white blood cells which carries the response of the adaptive immunity. They are of two types B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes also known as T cells are the specialized thymocytes that originate in the thymus and constitute 70% to 80% of lymphocytes circulating in the blood. There are three types of T cells: helper T cells (stops infection through series of complex steps), memory T cells (provide memory for particular type of antigen on subsequent exposures) and cytotoxic T cells (recognize nonself antigens).
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Describe the primary functions of helper T cells and
cytotoxic T cells.
Describe the differences in how an antigen presenting cells (APC) activate a Helper T versus a Cytotoxic T cell.
Define cytotoxic T cell
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 13.1 - Compare the terms antigen, immunogen, and epitope.Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 13.1 - Describe the major histocompatibility complex in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1MMCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2MMCh. 13.3 - List characteristics of antigens that optimize...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2NPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 13.4 - Explain how naive T cells become sensitized to an...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 13.5 - Diagram the steps in B-cell activation, including...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 13.5 - Explain the various end results of antibody...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 13.5 - Draw and label a graphwith time on the horizontal...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 13.6 - Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.Ch. 13.6 - Name the two major categories of vaccines and then...Ch. 13.6 - Explain the principle of herd immunity and the...Ch. 13.6 - 3. Which characteristic is associated with passive...Ch. 13 - A single bacterium has _______ epitope(s). a. a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCh. 13 - Provide an explanation to refute the following...Ch. 13 - The primary B-cell receptor is a. IgD. b. IgA. c....Ch. 13 - Name three antigen-presenting cells, and what...Ch. 13 - Major histocompatibility molecules are critical...Ch. 13 - In humans, B cells mature in the ___ and T cells...Ch. 13 - Explain how the memory response is the cornerstone...Ch. 13 - Conduct research on clonal deletion and write a...Ch. 13 - Which of the following cells is capable of...Ch. 13 - Is antibody diversity generated at the DNA or RNA...Ch. 13 - In order for gene rearrangement of antigen...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13QCh. 13 - Prob. 14QCh. 13 - Using the details of T-cell activation, suggest a...Ch. 13 - A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called...Ch. 13 - Explain how herd immunity works to protect the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18QCh. 13 - Prob. 19QCh. 13 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia leads to the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 21QCh. 13 - Prob. 1VC
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Similar questions
- Describe some ways in which cytotoxic T cells destroytarget cells.arrow_forwardContrast the specific functions of helper T cells, suppressorT cells, and cytotoxic T cells.arrow_forwardDescribes the relationship of the following terms using short terms: Adhesion Molecule(s)Anergic T cellAntigen PresentationAntigen Processingarrow_forward
- Describe the specific roles of helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells in normal cellular immunity.arrow_forwardList in points the main steps of T-cell production and maturation?arrow_forwardDescribe the main functions of T cells. What are the main types of effector T cells and their functions? one pagearrow_forward
- Which of the following among A-D is not a characteristic of T cells? A) O Cytotoxic T cells can kill vius-infected cells. 111 B) O Cytotoxic T cells respond to antigen bound to MHC class I molecules, 0 O Certain T helper cells bind to and activate macrophages and dendritic cells. D) O Certain T helper cells activate B cells for antibody production. E) O All the above are characteristics of T cells.arrow_forwardPut the following steps in order for cell-mediated immunereactions:(a) Differentiated T cells include T helper, delayed hyper-sensitivity, cytotoxic, and memory T cells that all havedifferent immunological functions depending on the an-tigen presented.(b) Antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendriticcells) phagocytize pathogens, ingesting and degradingthem into pieces which are transported to the surface ofthe cell.(c) T cells bearing the corresponding receptor for the pre-sented antigen bind to it and become activated only ifthe appropriate MHC is also present.(d) Some pieces of the pathogen’s antigens are processedby inserting them into the antigen-presenting cell’smembrane and are held in place by class II majorhistocompatibility complex (MHCII) proteins.(e) Activated T cells are stimulated to divide and differen-tiate into different types of T cells, including memorycellsarrow_forwardIllustrate the T-cell developmental processarrow_forward
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