Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 13.2, Problem 13.2CYU
To determine
The reason for iron fusion is not supported in star,
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The sun will eventually cease fusing nuclei in it interior and will then be dead what general term is used to describe dead but still illuminus stars when the star becomes such a star name two kinds of of nuclei that are expected to dominate its core as a result of the nuclear fusion that has taken place prior to its death
When two stars are in the same star system, they can affect each other’s evolution. Two stars in the same system might be born at the same time, but they will evolve at a different pace, depending on their _________. Transfer of material between two stars in the same system can be especially dramatic if one star is __________. When one star transfers mass to the remnant that is the other star, it can re-ignite fusion and produce what astronomers call a _________. If the accumulated mass causes the remnant to have a mass greater than ____________, it can explode violently. Astronomers call this kind of explosion a ________________.
The mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars. It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙.
If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 13.1CYUCh. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2CYUCh. 13.3 - Prob. 13.3CYUCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13.4CYUCh. 13.5 - Prob. 13.5CYUCh. 13.6 - Prob. 13.6CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 4QAP
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- Arrange the following stars in order of their evolution: A. A star with no nuclear reactions going on in the core, which is made primarily of carbon and oxygen. B. A star of uniform composition from center to surface; it contains hydrogen but has no nuclear reactions going on in the core. C. A star that is fusing hydrogen to form helium in its core. D. A star that is fusing helium to carbon in the core and hydrogen to helium in a shell around the core. E. A star that has no nuclear reactions going on in the core but is fusing hydrogen to form helium in a shell around the core.arrow_forwardBetelgeuse is a nearby supergiant that will eventually explode into a supernova. Let's see how awesome it would look. At peak brightness, the supernova will have a luminosity of about 10 billion times the Sun. It is 600 light-years away. All stellar brightnesses are compared with Vega, which has an intrinsic luminosity of about 60 times the Sun, a distance of 25 light-years, an absolute magnitude of 0.6 and an apparent magnitude of 0 (by definition). a) At peak brightness, how many times brighter will Betelgeuse be than Vega? b) Approximately what apparent magnitude does this correspond to? c) The Sun is about -26.5 apparent magnitude. What fraction of the Sun's brightness will Betelgeuse be?arrow_forwardA red giant star might have radius = 104 times the solar radius, and luminosity = 1730 times solar luminosity. Use the data given below to calculate the temperature at the surface of the red giant star. Data: solar radius R = 7 x 108 meters solar luminosity L = 4 x 1026 watts Stefan-Boltzmann constant a = 5.67 x 10-8 W m² K-4 (in K) A: 1226 OB: 1434 OC: 1678 OD: 1963 OE: 2297 OF: 2688 OG: 3145 OH: 3679arrow_forward
- Observations show that stellar luminosity, L, and mass, M, are related by L x M3.5 for main sequence stars. Obtain an expression that relates the main sequence life time and the mass of a star. You should assume that the luminosity is constant throughout a star's main sequence life time, and that the amount of mass converted into energy by a star while it is on the main sequence is given by AM main sequence life time of a 20 Solar mass star given that the Sun is expected to spend 1010 years on the main sequence. Comment on the significance of your answer. fM, where f is a constant. Estimate thearrow_forwardQUESTION 16 Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in decreases in until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track. Protostars of different masses follow diferent paths on their way to the main sequence. 107 Luminosity (L) 10 105 10 107 10² 101 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 Spectral type 0.01 R 0.001 Re 60 M MAIN SEQUENCE 40,000 30,000 20 Mau 10 Mgun 5 Mun 0.1 Run Ren radius; temperature luminosity; radius 3 Min. 05 BO temperature; luminosity Oluminosity: temperature radius: luminosity 1 M 10,000 6000 Surlace temperature (K) 1,000 Rs 2 M STAR L 0.8 M B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ -10 +10 3000 Absolute visual magnitude andarrow_forwardProtostar A. among the most massive and brightest stars Main Sequence B. a star after it has used all of its nuclear fuel Giant C. a gravitational field so strong that not even light can escape upergiant D. star in the longest stage of life (90% of stars) Neutron Star E. a super bright explosion of a star Black Hole F. created when a star loses its outer layers of gases White Dwarf G. extremely dense remnants of a dead star Black Dwarf H. young star in the early stages of formation jupernova 1. star that no longer gives off heat or light Planetary Nebula J. star that is larger and brighter than a main sequence star : A : E : Farrow_forward
- 7 The luminosity class of a star tells an astronomer: O how long ago the star formed O whether the star is a supergiant, a giant, or a main-sequence star O none of these answers O whether the star is close to us or far away O whether or not the star is surrounded by planets #m 3 с $ 4 % 5 6 & O 7 Carrow_forwardQuestion 41 .Suppose you are looking at H-R diagrams of two similar star clusters. The most luminous main sequence stars in the Porcini cluster are much more luminous than the most luminous main sequence stars in the Morel cluster. What can you conclude? O the Porcini cluster is younger than the Morel cluster O the Porcini cluster is farther away than the Morel cluster O the Porcini cluster is lower in metallicity than the Morel cluster O the Porcini cluster is larger in diameter than the Morel clusterarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is wrong? A. A main-sequence star is cooler and brighter than it was as a protostar. B. Carbon fusion occurs in high-mass stars but not in low-mass stars because the cores of low-mass stars never contain significant amounts of carbon. C. when a main-sequence star exhausts its core hydrogen fuel supply, the core shrinks while the rest of the star expands. D. After a supernova explosion, the remains of the stellar core will be either a neutron star or a black hole.arrow_forward
- Describe the forces acting on a star during the main sequence period of its life?arrow_forwardWhat is the surface temperature of a star that emits at a peak wavelength of 400 non? 1nm=1x10(-9) marrow_forwardA protostar will continue to collapse due to gravity until it reaches the main sequence, and then gravitational collapse will stop when a. the formation of star-globularsb. atoms degenerate at the core of the starc. the fusion of hydrogen d. the fusion of heliume. the fission of hydrogenarrow_forward
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