Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.1, Problem 2CYU
The nutrient-absorbing intestinal cells have a multitude of finger like projections in contact with the digested food (see Figure 16-20, p. 602). Based on your knowledge of structure— function relationships, explain the functional advantage of this structural feature. (Answers are in Appendix C.)
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All the structures of the alimentary canal have 4 similar major histological tissues . Which of the following descriptions of the tissue layers contains innacurate information?
A) The mucosa layer consits of a simple epithelium (responsible for absoprtion), a lamina proprioa (supports the epithelium) and muscularis mucosae (thats ivolved with peristalsis.
B) The muscularis externa has 2 or 3 layers of smooth msulce and is involced with persistalsis
C) The submucosa layer is a connective tissue layer that anchors the mucosa layer and contains many blood vessels, lyphatic vessels, and nerves
D) The serosa layer is a connective tissue layer that tethers the alimnetary canal to the appropirate body cavitities.
I believe that D is false but I am not certain
When the duodenu is actively digesting food, the Sphincter of Oddi released both bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum
Between meals, when the Sphincter of Oddi is closed, an accessory pancreatic duct remains open, allowing a slow but continual flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum between meals
WHy must there be pancreatic juice in the duodenum even if no food is currently being digested?
A- Even if there isnt chyme in the duodenum, stomahc acid might leak into the duodenum. the trypsin in pancreatic juice neutralizes that
B- We eat a lot, so we're always digesting food in the duodenum
C - the process of fat breakdown is slow, so lipids could stay in the duodenum for over a day, so we need a steady supply of pancreatic lipase.
D- Even if there isn't chyme in the duodenum, stomach acid might leak into the duodenum. The bicarbonate in pancreatic juice neutralizes that
Mr. Johnson has a gallstone (a stone) that completely obstructs the normal flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Explain how the digestion of carbohydrates (polysaccharides and disaccharides), lipids (triglycerides), proteins, and nucleic acids would be affected throughout the digestive tract, starting in the mouth and ending in the microvilli of the cells in the small intestine. Make one paragraph per molecule.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 1.1 - Define physiology.Ch. 1.1 - The nutrient-absorbing intestinal cells have a...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 1.3 - Distinguish among external environment, internal...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 1.4 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 1.4 - Prob. 2CYU
Ch. 1.4 - Draw a row diagram showing the relationships among...Ch. 1 - Which of the following activities is not carried...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2RECh. 1 - Which of the following is not a type of connective...Ch. 1 - The term tissue can apply either to one of the...Ch. 1 - Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized...Ch. 1 - Cell specializations are usually a modification or...Ch. 1 - The four primary types of tissue are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8RECh. 1 - Prob. 9RECh. 1 - _________ controls are inherent to an organ,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11RECh. 1 - Compare physiology and anatomy.Ch. 1 - Prob. 2UCCh. 1 - Prob. 3UCCh. 1 - Prob. 4UCCh. 1 - What factors must be homeostatically maintained,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6UCCh. 1 - Prob. 7UCCh. 1 - Prob. 1ACRCh. 1 - Prob. 1TAHLCh. 1 - Prob. 2TAHLCh. 1 - The hormone insulin enhances the transport of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TAHLCh. 1 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- The entire digestive tract contains layers of muscle that contribute to the digestive process. However, these muscle layers are not the same in all parts of the digestive tract. Describe two examples of digestive organs with unique specializations of these muscle layers and how these specializations contribute to the function of the organs where you find them.arrow_forwardMagnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate function as mild laxatives when they reach the small intestine. Why do magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate, two very different substances, have the same effect in yoursmall intestine. (Hint: The contents of the small intestine are basic.)arrow_forwardBarb suffers from Crohn’s disease, a regional inflammation of the intestine that is thought to have some genetic basis, although the actual cause remains unknown. When the disease flares up, she experiences abdominal pain,weight loss, and anemia. Which part(s) of the intestine is (are) probably involved, and what might be the causes of her signs and symptoms?arrow_forward
- What is the importance of goblet cells in intestinal epithelium? Differentiate the types of exocrine glands based on the manner by which their glandular cells release their secretory glands. Name atleast 3 exocrine glands of the digestive system, give the organ where they are found and classify each gland according to morphology and number of secretory units. Tabulate your answer.arrow_forwardThe motion of these muscles causes waves of contraction to move down the length of the small intestine. What purpose do these waves of contraction serve?arrow_forwardFrom the point of view of physiology, what is the most important constituent of bile? Provide at least four important functions of it.arrow_forward
- While there are numerous structural similarities among the major histological tissues of alimentary canal organs, there are also unique characteristics in specific organs. Which of the following descriptions of the tissue layers contains inaccurate information? O A. The muscularis externa layer in the stomach is unique because it contains 3 layers of smooth muscle instead of just 2. O B. The submucosa in the esophagus is unique because it has esophageal glands that secrete a lot of mucus. OC The mucosa layer in the stomach is unique because it contains complex gastric pits with chief cells (that produce enzymes), parietal cells (that secrete acid), and enteroendocrine cells (that secrete digestive hormones). O D. All the other choices have no inaccurate information. O E. The mucosa layer in the small intestine is unique because it is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption. It has a brush border, and multiple structures to increase surface area…arrow_forwardA histological specimen of submandibular salivary gland represents basket * cells from which some processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Contraction of the processes of these cells helps in expelling secretions from the lumen of secretory units and moving them to the system of excretory ducts. Name these cells: Serous cells O Mucocytes Epithelial cells O Adipocytes O Myoepithelial Cellsarrow_forwardYoung adult women have four times as many irontransport proteins in the intestinal mucosa as men have.Can you explain this in terms of functional significance?arrow_forward
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