Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 10.4, Problem 1HYEW
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The reason behind the sterility of mules.
Introduction:
Reproduction is a way of maintaining the continuity of race. The reproduction can be asexual or sexual. The sexual reproduction involves two different parents. Each of the parents forms gametes, which at the time of fertilization fuses and leads to the formation of zygote which is genetically different from both the parents.
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A prairie grass species called "little bluestem" is tetraploid. It has four complete sets of chromosomes. There are ten kinds of chromosomes; in other words, each complete set of chromosomes has a total of 10 chromosomes. A single somatic cell (e.g., a cell in a leaf) will have 40 chromosomes, 4 of each kind of chromsome, i.e., 4 of the number 1 chromsome, 4 of the number 2 chromsome, etc. The illustration below shows prophase of meiosis 1 in chromosome number 10. In a diploid cell, there would be one tetrad (group of 4 chromatids) for each kind of chromosome. For example, there would be one tetrad for chromosome 8, one for chromsome 9, etc. When the tetraploid little bluestem undergoes meiosis, how many of chromosome number 10 will each sperm cell carry?
With two pairs of homologous chromosomes, four kinds of gametes can be produced. How many kinds of gametes can be produced with three pairs of homologous chromosomes? What does this suggest for the 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes in human cells?
In mice, 2n = 40.
If a mouse cell divides by mitosis, it will produce two daughter cells that each have ________ chromosomes. If a mouse cell divides by meiosis, it will produce four daughter cells that each have ________ chromosomes.
Type the appropriate number to fill in each blank (e.g., 40).
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 10.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 10.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 10.2 - What would be the consequences for the resulting...Ch. 10.2 - What would be the genetic consequences for the...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 10.2 - describe the steps and outcome of meiotic cell...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 10.3 - explain how meiosis and sexual reproduction...
Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 10.4 - describe some of the human genetic disorders that...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 10 - Prob. 1MCCh. 10 - Prob. 2MCCh. 10 - Prob. 3MCCh. 10 - Prob. 4MCCh. 10 - Prob. 5MCCh. 10 - Meiotic cell division produces ________ (how many)...Ch. 10 - During ___________ of meiosis 1, paired homologous...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 10 - Prob. 1RQCh. 10 - Prob. 2RQCh. 10 - Prob. 3RQCh. 10 - Describe how meiosis provides for genetic...Ch. 10 - Define nondisjunction, and describe common...Ch. 10 - Many plants car. reproduce sexually or asexually....
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- Assume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes trisomy 8 in a newborn. If two of the three copies of chromosome 8 are absolutely identical, at what point during meiosis did the nondisjunction event take place?arrow_forwardHuman sex chromosomes are XX for females and XY for males. a. With respect to an X-linked gene, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many different types of gametes can she produce with respect to this allele?arrow_forwardVariations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.arrow_forward
- Suppose you have a line of mice that has cytologicallydistinct forms of chromosome 4. The tip of the chromosome can have a knob (called 4K) or a satellite (4S) orneither (4). Here are sketches of the three types:4K4S4You cross a 4K/4S female with a 4/4 male and find thatmost of the progeny are 4K/4 or 4S/4, as expected.However, you occasionally find some rare types asfollows (all other chromosomes are normal):a. 4K/4K/4b. 4K/4S/4c. 4KExplain the rare types that you have found. Give, asprecisely as possible, the stages at which they originate,and state whether they originate in the male parent,the female parent, or the zygote. (Give brief reasons.)arrow_forwardSuppose you have a line of mice that has cytologically distinct forms of chromosome 4. The tip of the chromosome can have a knob (called 4K ) or a satellite (4S) or neither (4). You cross a 4K/4S female with a 4/4 male and find that most of the progeny are 4K/4 or 4S/4, as expected. However, you occasionally find some rare types as follows (all other chromosomes are normal): a. 4K/4K/4arrow_forwardA horse has 64 chromosomes and a donkey has 62 chromosomes. A cross between a female horse and a male donkey produces a mule, which is usually sterile. How many chromosomes does a mule have? Can you think of any reasons for the fact that most mules are sterile?arrow_forward
- In humans, each cell normally contains a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 46. Say that a human body cell and sex cell will undergo mitosis and meiosis respectively, provide the number of chromosomes in each cell for every stage. Stage of Mitosis Number of Stages of Meiosis Number of Chromosomes in Chromosomes in One Cell One Cell Prophase 2n = Prophase 1 2n = Prometaphase 2n = Prometaphase 1 2n = Metaphase 2n = Metaphase 1 2n = Anaphase 2n = Anaphase 1 2n = Telophase and Cytokinesis Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis 2n = n = Prophase 2 Prometaphase 2 n = Metaphase 2 n = Anaphase 2 = u Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis n =arrow_forwardThe duck billed platypus is an unusual mammal. If you examine the sex chromosomes of a female platypus you will find a total of 10 X chromosomes. Examining a male platypus finds 5 X chromosomes and 5 Y chromosomes. No other combinations are seen. Each of these five X chromosomes is unique as is each Y chromosome (i.e. X1 pairs only with X1 or Y1, X2 with X2 or Y2 and so on). Why is this unusual? What unusual event must happen during meiosis in a male platypus? (Think carefully about what happens in meiosis 1)arrow_forwardA cell has four pairs of chromosomes. Assuming that crossing over does not occur, what is the probability that a gamete will contain all of the paternal chromosomes? If n equals the number of chromosomes in a set, which of the following expressions can be used to calculate the probability that a gamete will receive all of the paternal chromosomes: (1/2)n, (1/2)n–1, or n1/2?arrow_forward
- In meiosis，4 cells are produced and each cell are unique daughter cell.However isn‘t it true that AB（pink）and ab（blue）are identical to parental chromosome？？so how many of these cells are genetically identical？I am confused.arrow_forwardIn a sample of 1000 patients with Down syndrome, a geneticist discovers that 95% of them are trisomic, while 5% have diploid number of chromosomes. Explain this discrepancy.arrow_forwardHomologous chromosomes can be either monads or dyads. Explain. How is it possible to have genetically identical twins that don’t look exactly alike?arrow_forward
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