Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10.3, Problem 4CC
DRAW IT → Redraw the cycle in Figure 10.19 using numerals to indicate the numbers of carbons instead of gray balls, multiplying at each step to ensure that you have accounted for all the carbons. In what forms do the carbon atoms enter and leave the cycle?
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Whether it's the glucose you learned about in cell biology for photosynthesis, or
its crop sugars like sucrose and fructose, they all have the same chemical
formula (shown below, C6H12O6) with minor structural differences. As you can
see in the chemical equation below, the one-celled organism called "yeast"
consumes 1 sugar molecule and produces two of the 2-carbon alcohol molecules
(ethanol) and two molecules of carbon dioxide. Hopefully you learned this earlier
of the phylum Ascomycota. [the
in high school: yeast is a single-celled
answer might surprise you! Try using what kind of an organism is yeast as your
Google search term.]
20,H,OHaq) + 2CO,
(be),
yeast
CH,O alaq)
2(aq)
12
The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6O2. Explain the role of each of the products (left side of the arrow) and explain where the products (right side of the arrow) came from.
Using curved arrows, show the mechanism of each step labeled with a blue letter. Draw out abbreviated structures of the coenzymes, so that you can effectively show all arrow pushing. You may abbreviate the coenzymes by putting R groups on the molecule, but do draw out the parts of the structure that are involved in the arrow pushing.
Please note that some of the transformations will require you to show multiple structures to show all of the arrow pushing (particularly some of the coenzyme-mediated steps). You do not need to show specific amino acid residues that perform the catalysis. You can abbreviate acidic amino acid residues “Enz–B–H” and basic residues “B–Enz”.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.1 - Explain how the use of an oxygen isotope helped...Ch. 10.1 - WHAT IF? The Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH,...Ch. 10.2 - What color of light is least effective in driving...Ch. 10.2 - In the light reactions, what is the initial...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 10.3 - To synthesize one glucose molecule, the Calvin...Ch. 10.3 - How are the large numbers of ATP and NADPH...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 10.3 - DRAW IT Redraw the cycle in Figure 10.19 using...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 5CCCh. 10.4 - Describe how photorespiration lowers...Ch. 10.4 - The presence of only PS I, not PS II, in the...Ch. 10.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Refer to the discussion of ocean...Ch. 10.4 - WHAT IF? How would you expect the relative...Ch. 10 - Compare the roles of CO2 and H2O in cellular...Ch. 10 - The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a differs...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.3CRCh. 10 - Why are C4 and CAM photosynthesis more...Ch. 10 - The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the...Ch. 10 - Which of the following sequences correctly...Ch. 10 - How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 10 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 10 - In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 10 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 10 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Photorespiration can decrease...Ch. 10 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY MAKE CONNECTIONS The following...Ch. 10 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER Life is...Ch. 10 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Watennelon snow in...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Suppose ribulose-5-phosphate, labeled with 14C in carbon 1, is used as the substrate in carbon reactions. In which carbon of 3PG will the label appear?arrow_forwardOf course, one cannot stick a piece of tape to each carbon atom in the actual glucosemolecule. But one can do the next best thing: use radioisotopes to trace themovement of various atoms. Specifically, because carbon dioxide is a gas, usingradioactive C-14 allows for the easy detection of the 14CO2 that is given off.Suppose you introduce one glucose molecule that has had all of its carbons radioactivelylabeled. Suppose further that each step in glycolysis and in the citric acid cycle takes oneminute to complete (so glycolysis, for instance, takes ten minutes to complete, theconversion to acetyl CoA takes one minute, and the citric acid cycle takes eight minutes).Draw a plot of time (x-axis) versus radioactivity detected by a gas sensor (y-axis). Labelthe x-axis with enough time increments so it is clear at what minute the radioactivitywas detected. Use differing peak heights to give an indication of the amount ofradioactivity detected at that point.arrow_forwardExample 14.6 The oxygen requirement for cell growth in glueose can be represented by the following equation (Mateles, 1971) 32NC+8(Nh2)+16(No2) Fx/sM +yo2 – 2.67yc + 1.714YN2 – 8y H2 ro2 = In which ro2 is the oxygen required for each gram of cells produced, N stands for no. of atoms present in each molecule substrate, y stands for mass fractions and M is the MW of the substrate. The yeast cell may be considered to be CH1.800.5NO.2. Calculate rO2 if the yield factor (Yx/s) is 0.46g of cells produced for each gram of substrate consumed.arrow_forward
- One of the examples that we have used to illustrate the concept of equilibrium is the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), which is the second step in g ycolysis. Draw a graph to show how the reaction Gibbs energy varies with the fraction fof F6P in solution.Label the regions of the graph that correspond to the formation of F6P and G6P being spontaneous, respectively.arrow_forward(g) The figure given below represents an experiment to demonstrate a particular aspect of photosynthesis. The alphabet 'A' represents a certain condition inside the flask. 2 КОН (i) What is the aim of the experiment ? (ii) Identify the special condition inside the flask. (iii) Name an alternative chemical that can be used instead of KOH. (iv) In what manner do the leaves 1 and 2 differ at the end of the starch test ?arrow_forward1. Fill in the table below. In the first 2 columns, specify what you are comparing and contrasting in Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photosynthesis. In the second 2 columns describe in a 1-3 sentences, how they are the same and how they are different. (You may not have entries in every column) They are the same because: 1 2 3 4 56 5 6 7 8 9 10 912 11 12 Oxidative Phosphorylation Photosynthesis They are different because:arrow_forward
- Could you help me with part F to H of the mechanism?: Using curved arrows, show the mechanism of each step labeled with a blue letter. Draw out abbreviated structures of the coenzymes, so that you can effectively show all arrow pushing. You may abbreviate the coenzymes by putting R groups on the molecule, but do draw out the parts of the structure that are involved in the arrow pushing. Please note that some of the transformations will require you to show multiple structures to show all of the arrow pushing (particularly some of the coenzyme-mediated steps). You do not need to show specific amino acid residues that perform the catalysis. You can abbreviate acidic amino acid residues “Enz–B–H” and basic residues “B–Enz”.arrow_forwardSuppose that you made some wine whose alcohol content was 10% w/v(i.e., 10 g of ethanol per 100 mL of wine). The initial fermentation mixture would have had to contain what molar concentration of glucose or its equivalent to generate this much ethanol? Is it likely that an initial fermentationmixture would contain that much glucose? In what other forms might thefermentable carbon appear?arrow_forwardIn the biosynthesis of heme, ring cyclization, isomerization, and decarboxylation reactions take place. Identify the potential intermediates and show the electron flow in the following diagram. HO,C R1 HO2C- -R2 NH HN- но- NH HN- HO2C R R2 unstable intermediate Uro'gen II HO2C Me Me NH HN- -CO2H HN NH Me Me HO2C CO2H Coproporphyrinogen IIarrow_forward
- Using the molecular formula C6H12O6, show the following:a. Where does this molecule originate.b. Show its movement from its origin to where it is consumed (be sure to add any proteins that are needed for this process and also define the process of its movement.c. Show the FATE of every carbon in the C6H12O6 molecule being sure to label the important intermediate molecules that are formed during its consumption and make sure they are placed in the proper cellular location.arrow_forwardThe photosynthetic process, used by the chloroplasts of green plants and green algae, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2Oarrow_forwardIf we use ribulose-5-phosphate that has been labeled with 14C isotope at the Carbon 1 position in the carbon reactions (of the Calvin Cycle), on which carbon of 3-PG should we see the labeled C atom appear? Explain.arrow_forward
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