University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 73P
A plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a whole - body dose of 30 mSv in 15 minutes while repairing a crucial valve. Find the
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You are using a Cs-137 radiation source with an "activity" level of 5 μCi that emits primarily beta particles with energy 0.5120 MeV. Use the equation given to calculate the total beta-radiation exposure you would experience in 3 hours of lab work with this radioactive source.
(H) is the equivalent dose rate in mrem/hr, (A) is the activity of the sample in Ci, (E) is the energy of the emitted radiation in eV, and (r) is the average distance from the source during the exposure in meters. To find the radius, use a reasonable distance - as if you were working with an experimental apparatus and radioactive sources in person during these three hours (how far, on average, would you be from the source during that time?). For comparison, you would be exposed to approximately 3.5 millirems if you were to fly from the east coast to the west coast of the US.
An x-ray technician works 5 days per week, 50 weeks per year. (Assume that the technician takes an average of six x-rays per day and receives a dose of 4.1 rem/yr as a result.)
(a) Estimate the dose in rem per x-ray taken. (b) How does this result compare with the amount of low-level background radiation the technician is exposed to? Assume that low-level radiation from natural sources, such as cosmic rays and radioactive rocks and soil, delivers a dose of approximately 0.13 rem/year per person. __________times the normal background level
A worker in a nuclear power station receives the following radiation exposures to all parts of their body while working in one year:
1.5 mSv of slow neutrons, with a radiation weighting factor, , of 5 and 2.0 mSv of gamma rays with a of 1.
What is the effective dose that the worker has absorbed?
Chapter 10 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Nucleus X is two times...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding If the binding energy per...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding A radioactive nuclide has...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding In radioactive beta...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Which has a larger energy...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Where does the energy...Ch. 10 - Check Your Understanding Radiation propagates in...Ch. 10 - Define and make clear distinctions between the...Ch. 10 - What are isotopes? Why do isotopes of the same...Ch. 10 - Explain why a bound system should have less mass...
Ch. 10 - Why is the number of neutrons greater than the...Ch. 10 - To obtain the most precise value of the binding...Ch. 10 - How is the initial activity rate of a radioactive...Ch. 10 - For the carbon dating described in this chapter,...Ch. 10 - What is the key difference and the key similarity...Ch. 10 - What is the difference between rays and...Ch. 10 - What characteristics of radioactivity show it to...Ch. 10 - Consider Figure 10.12. If the magnetic field is...Ch. 10 - Why is Earth’s core molten?Ch. 10 - Should an atomic bomb really be called nuclear...Ch. 10 - Why does a chain reaction occur dining a fission...Ch. 10 - In what way is ail atomic nucleus like a liquid...Ch. 10 - Explain the difference between nuclear fission and...Ch. 10 - Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier...Ch. 10 - IB. Wliv is a PET scan more accurate than a SPECT...Ch. 10 - Isotopes that emit a radiation are relatively safe...Ch. 10 - Ionizing radiation can impair the ability of a...Ch. 10 - Find the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and neutron...Ch. 10 - Silver has two stable isotopes. The nucleus,...Ch. 10 - The mass (M) and the radius (r) of a nucleus can...Ch. 10 - A particle has a mass equal to 10 u. If this mass...Ch. 10 - Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass...Ch. 10 - The detail that you can observe using a probe is...Ch. 10 - How much energy would be released if six hydrogen...Ch. 10 - Find the mass defect and the binding energy for...Ch. 10 - 56 Fe is among the most tightly bound of all...Ch. 10 - is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BEN is low...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate BEN for 235U, the rarer of the two...Ch. 10 - The fact that BEN peaks at roughly A = 60 implies...Ch. 10 - A sample of radioactive material is obtained from...Ch. 10 - Show that: T=1.Ch. 10 - The half-life of strondum-91, 3891Sris 9.70 h....Ch. 10 - A sample of pure carbon-14 ( T1/2=5730y ) has an...Ch. 10 - A radioactive sample initially contains 2.40102...Ch. 10 - An old campfire is uncovered during an...Ch. 10 - Calculate the activity R , in curies of 1.00 g of...Ch. 10 - Natural uranium consists of 235U(percent abundance...Ch. 10 - World War II aircraft bad instruments with glowing...Ch. 10 - , The 210Po source used in a physics laboratory is...Ch. 10 - Armor-piercing shells with depleted uranium cores...Ch. 10 - undergoes alpha decay, (a) Write the reaction...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay...Ch. 10 - The particles emitted in the decay of 3H (tritium)...Ch. 10 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr, a...Ch. 10 - Write a nuclear decay reaction that produces the...Ch. 10 - Write the complete decay equation in the complete...Ch. 10 - If a 1.50-cm-thick piece of lead can absorb 90.0%...Ch. 10 - An electron can interact with a nucleus through...Ch. 10 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 10 - A rare decay mode has been observed in which...Ch. 10 - A large power reactor that has been in operation...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the neutron-...Ch. 10 - The electrical power output of a large nuclear...Ch. 10 - Find the total energy released if 1.00 kg of...Ch. 10 - Verify that the total number of nucleons, and...Ch. 10 - Calculate the energy output in each of the fusion...Ch. 10 - Show that the total energy released in the proton-...Ch. 10 - Two fusion reactions mentioned in the text are...Ch. 10 - The power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90%...Ch. 10 - Another set of reactions that fuses hydrogen into...Ch. 10 - (a) Calculate the energy released by the fusion of...Ch. 10 - What is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1-Gy X-ray?...Ch. 10 - Find the radiation dose in Gy for: (a) A 10-mSv...Ch. 10 - Find the mass of 239Puthat has an activity of...Ch. 10 - In the 19805, the term picowave was used to...Ch. 10 - What is the dose in Sv in a cancer treatment that...Ch. 10 - One half the rays from 99mTcare absorbed by a...Ch. 10 - How many Gy of exposure is needed to give a...Ch. 10 - A plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a...Ch. 10 - Calculate the dose in rem/y for the lungs of a...Ch. 10 - The wiki-phony site states that the atomic mass of...Ch. 10 - A particle physicist discovers a neutral particle...Ch. 10 - A nuclear physicist finds 1.0of 236Uin a piece of...Ch. 10 - A group of scientists use carbon dating to date a...Ch. 10 - According to your lab partner, a 2.00-cm-thick...Ch. 10 - In the science section of the newspaper, an...Ch. 10 - The ceramic glaze on a red-orange “Fiestaware”...Ch. 10 - Large amounts of depleted uranium (238U)are...Ch. 10 - A piece of wood from an ancient Egyptian tomb is...Ch. 10 - This problem demonstrates that the binding energy...Ch. 10 - The Galileo space probe was launched on its long...Ch. 10 - Find the energy emitted in the decay of 60Co .Ch. 10 - Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and,...Ch. 10 - If two nuclei are to fuse in a nuclear reaction,...Ch. 10 - For the reaction, sw n+3He4He+ , find the amount...Ch. 10 - Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and,...
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- Calculate the dose in Sv to the chest at a patient given an xray under the following conditions. The xray beam intensity is 1.50 W/m2, the area of the chest exposed is 0.0750 m2 35.0% of the xrays are absorbed in 20.0 kg of tissue, and the exposure time is 0.250 s.arrow_forwardSuppose one load irradiation plant uses a 137Cs source while another uses an equal activity of 60Co. Assuming equal fractions of the (rays from the sources are absorbed, why is more time needed to get the same dose using me 137Cs source?arrow_forwardWhat is the dose in mSv for: (a) a 0.1 Gy xray? (b) 2.5 mGy of neutron exposure to the eye? (c) 1.5 mGy of exposure?arrow_forward
- A man has been exposed to 1 mGy each of alpha, beta and gamma radiation from a source outside his body. What is the total equivalent dose to his whole body? (Do not include any dose that is delivered to skin alone.)arrow_forwardA person's hand receives a radiation dose at a rate of 50mSvh-1 at a distance of 1cm from a source. What would the dose rate be if the person's hand is 18cm from source?arrow_forwardAn x - ray technician works 5 days per week, 50 weeks per year. Assume the technician takes an average of eight x - rays per day and receives a dose of 5.0 rem/yr as a result. (a) Estimate the dose in rem per x - ray taken. (b) How does this result compare with the amount of low - level background radiation the technician is exposed to?arrow_forward
- A radioactive contaminant gives an unfortunate 0.5 kg lab rat a dose of 1500 rem in just 1 minute. Assuming that the half life of the radioactive isotope in the contaminant is much longer than1 minute, what would the activity (in Bq) of the contaminant be if the contaminant is a 1.1MeV beta emitter?arrow_forward✓ ON "O 2.75 MeV 0.511 MeV 0.511 MeV B, E= 1.73 MeV Eave = 0.721 Mev O MeVarrow_forwardSuppose one food irradiation plant uses a 137 Cs source while another uses an equal activity of 60 Co . Assuming equal fractions of the γ rays from the sources are absorbed, why is more time needed to get the same dose using the 137 Cs source?arrow_forward
- A point source of radioactive material produces a dose rate of 100 Gy/hr at 1 meter from the source. What would be the dose rate at 4 m from the source?arrow_forwardA 4-MV linear accelerator is installed 3 meters from a 150-cm thick wall of concrete separating the treatment room from an automatic elevator. The accelerator treats 150 patients per week with an average isocenter dose of 200 cGy. What is the transmitted dose to the elevator? What is the minimum thickness of concrete necessary to keep the dose below the maximum level?arrow_forwardA plumber at a nuclear power plant receives a whole-bodydose of 30 mSv in 15 minutes while repairing a crucial valve.Find the radiation-induced yearly risk of death from cancerand the chance of genetic defect from this maximumallowable exposure.arrow_forward
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