The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134874364
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 27EAP
The total number of stars in the observable universe is roughly equivalent to (a) the number of grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth. (b) the number of grains of sand on Miami Beach. (c) infinity.
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Astronomers frequently say that “there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on the earth”. Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the number of grains of sand on all the earth’s beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km.
About 1011
About 1016
About 1021.
If our universe is expanding, what are the implications for the separation between two stars within our galaxy?
A.
The two stars are moving farther apart.
B.
The two stars are moving closer together.
C.
The distance between the two stars is unaffected.
D.
The question is impossible to answer without more information.
Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.
Value: n = 4*1080
Chapter 1 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (9th Edition)
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 2VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 3VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 4VSCCh. 1 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 1 - Define astronomical unit and light-year.Ch. 1 - Explain the statement “The farther away we look in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 1 - What do we mean when we say that the universe is...
Ch. 1 - In what sense are we “star stuff”?Ch. 1 - Use the cosmic calendar to describe how the human...Ch. 1 - Briefly explain Earth’s daily rotation and annual...Ch. 1 - Briefly describe our solar system’s location and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 12EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 13EAPCh. 1 - Does it Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 1 - Prob. 15EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 16EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 17EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 21EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 22EAPCh. 1 - Which of the following correctly lists our ‘cosmic...Ch. 1 - An astronomical unit is (a) any planet’s average...Ch. 1 - The star Betelgeuse is about 600 light-years away....Ch. 1 - Prob. 26EAPCh. 1 - The total number of stars in the observable...Ch. 1 - Prob. 28EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 29EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 32EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 34EAPCh. 1 - Thinking About Scale. One key to success in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 1 - A Human Adventure. Astronomical discoveries...Ch. 1 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 1 - Spacecraft Communication. We use radio waves,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 1 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 1 - Driving Trips. Imagine that you could drive your...Ch. 1 - Faster Trip. Suppose you wanted to reach Alpha...Ch. 1 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 1 - Earth Rotation Speed. Mathematical Insight 1.3...Ch. 1 - Order of Magnitude Estimate. Mathematical Insight...
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- Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Values: n = 5*10^80arrow_forwardBy the term universe, astronomers mean: The system of 200 to 400 billion stars, of which the sun is one. The collection of several dozen galaxies, of which the Milky Way is one. Everything that we can observe. The realm inside the atom.arrow_forwardYour friends are talking about Olber's Paradox: Friend 1: When the universe was quite young, it was also quite small, and therefore light was trapped inside the universe. This is why we don't see light from the edge of the universe in every direction. Friend 2: No, Olber's Paradox describes only light from stars, not from galaxies, and why you can't use light from distant stars to see at night. Friend 3: You're both right and you're both wrong. The paradox concerns itself with the expansion of the universe, and explains why light from the early universe was able to be released. Are any of them right, in part or in whole?arrow_forward
- billion .stars in the Milky Way 100 and 300 O 100 and 400 O 100 and 200 O 100 and 500 O No one of the other options O There are betweenarrow_forwardTry Now ... .... Listed below are some distances from Earth to other objects in the Milky Way galaxy. Convert each distance to light-years. (Each of these distances is less than one light-year. For an added challenge, convert each distance to light minutes or light seconds.) 1. The distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384,400 km. How many light-years is this? 2. The distance from Earth to Mars is about 784,000,000 km. How many light-years is this? 3. The distance from Earth to Pluto is about 5,750,000,000 km. How many light-years is this?arrow_forwardMeasure the length of the meter stick using your ruler. How many ‘rulers’ is equal to the length of the meter stick?arrow_forward
- Suppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In this case, A. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2. B. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. C. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. D. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1.arrow_forwardAstronomers frequently say that "there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on the earth". Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the number of grains of sand on all the earth's beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. a) About 1011 b) About 1016 c) About 1021. 6. Assume that a typical galaxy contains about 200 billion stars and that there are more than 150 billion galaxies in the known universe. Estimate the total number of stars in the universe. b) About 1022 a) About 1010 c) About 1016. 7. Compare the values of the number of grains of sand in all earth's beaches (from problem 5) with the number of stars in the universe (from problem 6) – which is greater? a) Number of sand grains b) number of stars c) they are about the same.arrow_forwardThe Messier Catalog is a. a listing of all the stars within the Local Bubble b. a list of all the HII listings visible without a telescope c. a list of nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies that might be mistaken for a comet far from the sun d. a list of regions where dark clouds large numbers of molecules can be foundarrow_forward
- What happens when galaxies collide? A. Star collisions will be rare but the shapes of the galaxies will be largely distorted. B. The shapes of the galaxies will be largely distorted and many of the stars of one galaxy will collide with stars of the other galaxy. C. The shapes of the galaxies will be distorted and many stars will collide with stars of the other galaxy, as well as with other stars in the same galaxy. D. Star collisions will be rare and the two galaxies will just pass through each other without any changes. Is the answer A? Thank you!arrow_forwardThe light coming from stars is closer to red (long wavelength, low frequency) than we would expect. What does this imply? Your answer: the universe is expanding the universe is rotating the universe is shrinking the universe is staticarrow_forwardWhich of the following objects would you expect to be lacking any stars older than 10 billion years? a. an open cluster about 400 light years from the sun O b. a globular cluster O c. The Andromeda Galaxy (the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky way) O d. M87 (a very massive elliptical galaxy)arrow_forward
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